J. Clin. Urol. PubMed Learn the causes, symptoms and treatments, A urinary tract infection can affect the bladder, kidneys, and the tubes that link them. Infect. Thus, in the early stages of the pandemic, treatment with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)32 in men with prostate cancer was hypothesized to be protective against COVID-19 infection106. Deidda, S. et al. Epub 2014 Feb 20. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on urologic providers and patients.1 Currently, large scale efforts are underway to vaccinate the majority of the population in an effort to achieve herd immunity. Despite the unusual manifestation of coronavirus infection, similar mechanisms of damage to urothelial cells in viral and bacterial infections give us the right to think . Gorog, D. A. et al. Nat. Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Benedikt Ebner,Yannic Volz,Jan-Niclas Mumm,Christian G. Stief&Giuseppe Magistro, You can also search for this author in 15, 11011107 (2020). Nature 601, 177 (2022). Hypotheses 145, 110375 (2020). Sex. COVID-19 variants have the potential to substantially increase mortality. COVID-19 Vaccine | Experts Provide Guidance On Vaccination While Being Treated for Bladder Cancer. 16, 626638 (2016). Furthermore, androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells highly express TMPRSS2 (a key mediator in viral invasion20) in response to androgens23. Google Scholar. & Choe, H. Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. Gupta, A. et al. J. Urol. Analysis of the effects of COVID-19 infection on male reproductive health through histopathological examinations showed that testicular tissue can be severely damaged by SARS-CoV-2 infection79,81 (Fig. Liu, C., von Brunn, A. Gacci M, Novara G, De Nunzio C, Tubaro A, Schiavina R, Brunocilla E, Sebastianelli A, Salvi M, Oelke M, Gravas S, Carini M, Serni S. BMC Urol. Ren, X. et al. Eur. Association of lower urinary tract symptoms and OAB severity with quality of life and mental health in China, Taiwan and South Korea: results from a cross-sectional, population-based study. J. Clin. Acute Cardiovasc. The rate of AKI correlates with the classification of COVID-19 disease severity by the WHO, as AKI has been observed in 3.2%, 15.2% and 24.3% of patients with moderate COVID-19, severe COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome, respectively, in a prospective assessment of 333 patients with COVID-19 (ref.39). These contradictory findings might be explained by the anti-inflammatory properties of testosterone113,114, which could also explain why men with COVID-19 and high levels of testosterone (2.9ng/ml total testosterone at hospital admission) test positive for SARS-CoV-2 for a shorter time frame than those with total testosterone levels of <2.9ng/ml (median time to negative PCR test: 26 days versus 18days; P=0.002)115. }); 12, 624052 (2021). (sublineages), including BA.5 and BA.2.12.1. AKI was reported to be the most common complication of COVID-19 in a multicentre cohort study including 80,388 patients with COVID-19 (ref.33). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Jimnez, D. et al. -, Valera-Rubio M., Sierra-Torres M.I., Garca R.C., Cordero-Ramos J., Lpez-Mrquez M.R., Cruz-Salgado O., Calleja-Hernndez M.A. Urol. -, Kadali R., Janagama R., Peruru S., Gajula V., Madathala R.R., Chennaiahgari N., Malayala S.V. J. Kidney Dis. 33, 12131218 (2020). 205, 441443 (2021). Kleymenov, D. A. et al. Moreover, ischaemia-related priapism was reported as a thromboembolic complication in a 62-year-old patient with COVID-19 (ref.132). Soc. Pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan, China: potential for international spread via commercial air travel. Nefrol. Wong, L. E. et al. Thromb. Vaccine hesitancy in the era of COVID-19. In another study, the average International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), which is used as a validated questionnaire to quantify lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)69, was assessed in patients with COVID-19 aged >50 years (n=62) in the acute stage of the disease and surveyed retrospectively for the time before COVID-19 infection70. Google Scholar. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Before Pathol. In another study in which transcriptome data from published single-cell RNA-sequencing studies was analysed, high expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in kidney and testis tissue were reported18. As the virus spread, new findings were published on a daily basis and, although the respiratory tract seemed to be the main field of interest, attention soon focused on extra-pulmonary manifestations of the infection5. Infect. Arch. Biol. De Vincentiis, L., Carr, R. A., Mariani, M. P. & Ferrara, G. Cancer diagnostic rates during the 2020 lockdown, due to COVID-19 pandemic, compared with the 20182019: an audit study from cellular pathology. Hum. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in urine and semen is very rare; however, COVID-19 can manifest through urological symptoms and complications, including acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with poor survival, severe structural changes in testes and impairment of spermatogenesis, and hormonal imbalances (mostly secondary hypogonadism). Eur. Sci. However, mounting evidence suggests that infection with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 (lineage B.1.1.529) causes a milder disease phenotype than previous variants of concern134,135. Spirito, L. et al. But we have seen how it can affect multiple organs, including the liver, pancreas, small intestine and even gallbladder. 21, 10231034 (2020). 76, 431435 (2020). jQuery(function($) { Arab J Urol. But if they get . COVID-19 and cancer: 1 year on. Some people develop them weeks or months after the infection is gone, as part of a condition known as long COVID. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Viral infection of the testes can result in a reduction of sperm quality and endocrine function, and possible long-term effects include oncogenic outcomes or vertical transmission of virus-induced mutations75. Med. Urology soon emerged as a focus of interest, owing to a potential threat of long-term damage induced by COVID-19 to kidney function, fertility and hormonal balance. Rev. The .gov means its official. Adverse events reported after administration of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines among hospital workers: A cross-sectional survey-based study in a Spanish hospital. In this article, we will explain the link between urinary symptoms and COVID-19, as well as the symptoms a person may experience. Nat. Validation of the Arabic linguistic version of the Overactive Bladder Symptoms Score questionnaire. Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Results from a study including 41 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 showed higher plasma concentration of multiple cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU)51 than in patients in the non-ICU group48. Hum. Sci. The pathogenesis and treatment of the cytokine storm in COVID-19. Salciccia, S. et al. The mortality was 50% in patients with AKI and 8% in patients without AKI32. AlGhatrif, M., Cingolani, O. Rep. Urol. The role of intravesical prostatic protrusion in the evaluation of overactive bladder in male patients with LUTS. B.E. Donders, G. G. G. et al. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in urine and semen is very rare; however, a possible risk of transmission through these body fluids has not yet been ruled out. Cooper, T. G. et al. Hepatol. Am. }); JAMA https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.9976 (2021). In urology, a dramatic decline in routine prostate cancer screening was observed147,148,149,150. These white blood cells seem to decline in people who have long COVID. Scientists are not sure what exactly causes these symptoms, so they do not always refer to them as OAB. We investigated the storage lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) before and after the first dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and the association between pre-vaccinated overactive bladder (OAB) and the worsening of storage LUTS following COVID-19 vaccination. For some, LUTS may also improve around this time. Natl Acad. In another study, men recovering from COVID-19 (n=30, median age: 40 years) showed a lower total sperm number than age-matched healthy men89. A case of SARS-CoV-2 Tip of the iceberg: erectile dysfunction and COVID-19, Implications of testicular ACE2 and the reninangiotensin system for SARS-CoV-2 on testis function, Long COVID and risk of erectile dysfunction in recovered patients from mild to moderate COVID-19, Is COVID-19 a risk factor for progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia and exacerbation of its related symptoms? In another study, SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in testis tissue samples from deceased patients with COVID-19 (n=6) by transmission electron microscopy, and the density of ACE2 receptors (quantified through immunofluorescence) was reported to be inversely proportional to the level of spermatogenesis, defined as impaired if full spermatogenesis was not visualized in all observed tubules80. Where are all the patients? Male hypogonadism. & Rangel, .B. However, these effects might also be attributed to fever, and long-term data on sperm quality after recovery from COVID-19 are still very limited. The most common finding in native biopsy samples (25.8% of patients) was collapsing glomerulopathy, also known as COVID-19-associated nephropathy (COVAN)44. Radiological patterns of incidental epididymitis in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients revealed by colour Doppler ultrasound. The effect of altered total testosterone levels or androgen deprivation therapy on survival of patients with COVID-19 was intensively debated at the beginning of the pandemic; however, androgen inhibition did not show any effect in preventing or treating COVID-19 in a clinical study. Moreover, the risk of viral invasion in different tissues was hypothesized to be dependent on the expression level of ACE2 (ref.25). 2). Scientists theorize this could be a factor in post-COVID-19 LUTS, but more research is necessary to prove this. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted 2021;93:44204429. In a meta-analysis of eight studies including 160 semen samples from patients with COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 was only detected in six patients from one study61. BJU Int. Cureus 12, e10114 (2020). During sexual intercourse, COVID-19 infection through respiratory droplets is of course possible, but, according to the available data, a sexual transmission of SARS-Cov-2 via semen seems to be very unlikely66. In this Review, data concerning the effects of COVID-19 on the urogenital system are discussed to provide further information for the medical treatment of patients with COVID-19 and evaluate the risk of possible long-term damage. Nat. Thromboembolic complications, which are frequent in COVID-19, also affect urogenital organs. Anal swab as a potentially optimal specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection to evaluate hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. J. Nephrol. Microbiol. 7, 563893 (2020). WHO. 3). Nephrol. There are no specific treatments for COVID-19-related urinary symptoms.
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