Stanford Geospatial Center, Mass Shootings in America, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Libraries, undated. Callaway, Brantly, and Pedro H. C. SantAnna, Difference-in-Differences with Multiple Time Periods,, Cameron, A. Colin, Jonah B. Gelbach, and Douglas L. Miller, Bootstrap-Based Improvements for Inference with Clustered Errors,, Campbell, Jacquelyn C., Nancy Glass, Phyllis W. Sharps, Kathryn Laughon, and Tina Bloom, Intimate Partner Homicide: Review and Implications of Research and Policy,, Campbell, J. C., D. Webster, J. Kozio-McLain, C. Block, D. Campbell, M. A. Curry, F. Gary, N. Glass, J. McFarlane, C. Sachs, P. Sharps, Y. Ulrich, S. A. Wilt, J. Manganello, X. Xu, J. Schollenberger, V. Frye, and K. Laughon, Risk Factors for Femicide in Abusive Relationships: Results from a Multisite Case Control Study,, Campbell, Sean, and Daniel Nass, The CDCs Gun Injury Data Is Becoming Even Less Reliable,, Campbell, Sean, Daniel Nass, and Mai Nguyen, The CDC Is Publishing Unreliable Data on Gun Injuries. As of August 31, 2022: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime Data Explorer: Use-of-Force, webpage, 2022a. There is likely to be little effect of stand-your-ground laws on hunting or recreational gun use. But these laws vary widely from state to state, particularly when the self-defense in question involves a firearm or other method of lethal force. Code 97-3-15. As of December 7, 2022: Cohn, Scott, Remington Rifle Settlement, Including Free Trigger Replacement, Is Official, CNBC, October 24, 2018. Knicely, John, One Washington School District Already Has Staff Armed with Guns, KIRO 7, February 23, 2018. Adults Living in Households with Firearms: Results From a 2019 National Survey,, Conwell, Y., P. R. Duberstein, K. Connor, S. Eberly, C. Cox, and E. D. Caine, Access to Firearms and Risk for Suicide in Middle-Aged and Older Adults,, Cook, Philip J., The Saturday Night Special: An Assessment of Alternative Definitions from a Policy Perspective,, Cook, Philip J., The Influence of Gun Availability on Violent Crime Patterns,, Cook, Philip J., The Case of the Missing Victims: Gunshot Woundings in the National Crime Survey,, Cook, Philip J., The Great American Gun War: Notes from Four Decades in the Trenches,, Cook, Philip J., and Anthony A. Braga, Comprehensive Firearms Tracing: Strategic and Investigative Uses of New Data on Firearms Markets,, Cook, P. J., A. Laws 22-18-4; Tenn. Ann. For one, they have the biggest budget per person in the military (bigger than the Navy). Indeed, Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, an advocacy organization with a mission to reduce gun violence, reports that eight states without stand-your-ground statutes currently nevertheless have case law that effectively establishes a stand-your-ground policy; this includes, for example, California, which is often viewed as a state with among the most-restrictive laws (Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, undated-f). Smith, Sharon G., Jieru Chen, Kathleen C. Basile, Leah K. Gilbert, Melissa T. Merrick, Nimesh Patel, Margie Walling, and Anurag Jain, Smith, Sharon G., Katherine A. Fowler, and Phyllis H. Niolon, Intimate Partner Homicide and Corollary Victims in 16 States: National Violent Death Reporting System, 20032009,. HCUPnet: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, web tool, undated. W. Va. Ann. For jurisdictions that require a duty to retreat, the burden of proof is on the defendant to show that he first attempted to avoid conflict and, furthermore, took reasonable steps to retreat or displayed an intention not to fight before using force. Ann. Stat. Ann. University of Washington, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Washington Firearm Safe Storage Map, webpage, undated. Assessing How Perpetrators Motives and Methods Have Changed over Time,, Laqueur, Hannah S., and Garen J. Wintemute, Identifying HighRisk Firearm Owners to Prevent Mass Violence,, Leask, Anna, Raurimu 20 Years On: The Madman, the Massacre and the Memories,, Lee, Wang-Sheng, and Sandy Suardi, The Australian Firearms Buyback and Its Effect on Gun Deaths,, Lee, Y. Y., Gentrification and Crime: Identification Using the 1994 Northridge Earthquake in Los Angeles,, Leigh, Andrew, and Christine Neill, Do Gun Buybacks Save Lives? As of December 11, 2020: Wilcox, P., and J. E. Eck, Criminology of the Unpopular: Implications for Policy Aimed at Payday Lending Facilities,. As of June 16, 2022: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nonfatal Injury Reports, 20002020, WISQARS database, Atlanta, Ga., 2022c. A., C. G. Roman, L. Bostwick, and J. R. Porter, Cure Violence: A Public Health Model to Reduce Gun Violence,, Cabrera, Joseph F., and Roy Kwon, Income Inequality, Household Income, and Mass Shooting in the United States,, Cai, Weiyi, and Jugal K. Patel, A Half-Century of School Shootings Like Columbine, Sandy Hook and Parkland,, Cagle, M. Christine, and J. Michael Martinez, Have Gun, Will Travel: The Dispute Between the CDC and the NRA on Firearm Violence as a Public Health Problem,, Caldwell, B., Criminalizing Day-to-Day Life: A Socio-Legal Critique of Gang Injunctions,. Stat. As of June 19, 2020: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Expanded Homicide, webpage, Crime in the United States 2018, 2019f. Schaechter, Judy, Guns in the Home, HealthyChildren.org, last updated June 2, 2021. Silver, James, Andre Simons, and Sarah Craun, Simon, Thomas R., Heather B. Clayton, Linda L. Dahlberg, Corinne David-Ferdon, Greta Kilmer, and Colleen Barbero, Gun Carrying Among Youths, by Demographic Characteristics, Associated Violence Experiences, and Risk BehaviorsUnited States, 20172019,. Kurtzleben, Danielle, Fact Check: Are Gun-Makers Totally Free of Liability for Their Behavior? NPR, October 6, 2015. A few other laws strayed further from the Florida and Utah statutes; for instance, Mississippi's law uses the term felony rather than the narrower forcible felony. Piscopo, Kathryn, Rachel N. Lipari, Jennifer Cooney, and Christie Galsheen, Piza, E. L., J. M. Caplan, L. W. Kennedy, and A. M. Gilchrist, The Effects of Merging Proactive CCTV Monitoring with Directed Police Patrol: A Randomized Controlled Trial,, Pizarro, Jesenia M., and April M. Zeoli, An Assessment of the Quality of Homicide Data in the Supplementary Homicide Reports: A Research Note,, Plassmann, Florenz, and T. Nicolaus Tideman, Does the Right to Carry Concealed Handguns Deter Countable Crimes? Ann. Horman, B. Gil, 6 Ways to Safely Store Your Firearms, NRA Family, webpage, October 13, 2021. As of October 18, 2017: Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Browse Gun Laws by State, webpage, undated-b. Code Ann. Ideally, analyses of the effects of stand-your-ground laws on defensive gun use would use data that capture whether the laws affected self-defense rates in the home (where castle-doctrine law already relieves victims of a duty to retreat) or in other areas as allowed under expanded stand-your-ground laws. Helps Save Time and Money. A., D. M. Kennedy, E. J. Waring, and A. M. Piehl, Problem-Oriented Policing, Deterrence, and Youth Violence: An Evaluation of Bostons Operation Ceasefire,, Braga, Anthony A., Andrew V. Papachristos, and David M. Hureau, The Effects of Hot Spots Policing on Crime: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,, Braga, A. Duwe, Grant, The Patterns and Prevalence of Mass Public Shootings in the United States, 19152013, in Laura C. Wilson, ed., Duwe, Grant, Patterns and Prevalence of Lethal Mass Violence,, Duwe, Grant, Tomislav Kovandzic, and Carlisle E. Moody, The Impact of Right-to-Carry Concealed Firearm Laws on Mass Public Shootings,, Eck, J. E., and W. Spelman, Who Ya Gonna Call? United States Code, Title 26, Section 5801, Imposition of Tax. "[18] Other policies are broader, excluding any situation where the individual is "actively engaged in conduct in furtherance of criminal activity. 2901.09 applies to every section in the code that sets forth a criminal offense. Kleck, Gary, The Nature and Effectiveness of Owning, Carrying and Using Guns for Self-Protection, in G. Kleck and D. B. Kates, eds., Kleck, Gary, Measures of Gun Ownership Levels for Macro-Level Crime and Violence Research,, Kleck, Gary, The Impact of Gun Ownership Rates on Crime Rates: A Methodological Review of the Evidence,, Kleck, Gary, Large-Capacity Magazines and the Casualty Counts in Mass Shootings: The Plausibility of Linkages,, Kleck, Gary, Response Errors in Surveys of Defensive Gun Use: A National Internet Survey Experiment,, Kleck, G., and D. J. Bordua, The Factual Foundation for Certain Key Assumptions of Gun Control,, Kleck, G., and M. A. DeLone, Victim Resistance and Offender Weapon Effects in Robbery,, Kleck, Gary, and Marc G. Gertz, Armed Resistance to Crime: The Prevalence and Nature of Self-Defense with a Gun,. 503.050, 503.055 (503.050 states that an individual may stand his or her ground when at risk of kidnapping or sexual intercourse compelled by force or threat of force, in addition to death, great bodily harm, or felony by force, while 503.055 states that individuals may stand their ground when they or other individuals face only death, great bodily harm, or felony by force); Mo. Woods, and B. E. Kubu, Gun Violence Prevention Practices Among Local Police in the United States,, Koseff, Alexei, See Where California Is Taking Guns with Restraining Orders,, Kovandzic, Tomislav V., and Thomas B. Marvell, Right-to-Carry Concealed Handguns and Violent Crime: Crime Control Through Gun Control?, Kovandzic, T. V., T. B. Marvell, and L. M. Vieraitis, The Impact of Shall-Issue Concealed Handgun Laws on Violent Crime RatesEvidence from Panel Data for Large Urban Cities,, Kovandzic, Tomislav, Mark E. Schaffer, and Gary Kleck, Estimating the Causal Effect of Gun Prevalence on Homicide Rates: A Local Average Treatment Effect Approach,, Kposowa, A. J., Association of Suicide Rates, Gun Ownership, Conservatism and Individual Suicide Risk,, Kposowa, A., D. Hamilton, and K. Wang, Impact of Firearm Availability and Gun Regulation on State Suicide Rates,, Kremer, Michael, and Jack Willis, Guns, Latrines, and Land Reform: Dynamic Pigouvian Taxation,. King, Self-Reported Barriers to Professional Help Seeking Among College Students at Elevated Risk for Suicide,, Dahlberg, L. L., R. M. Ikeda, and M. J. Kresnow, Guns in the Home and Risk of a Violent Death in the Home: Findings from a National Study,, Daigle, M. S., Suicide Prevention Through Means Restriction: Assessing the Risk of SubstitutionA Critical Review,. The Husqvarna 460 Rancher is equipped with a 60.3cc X-Torq engine that delivers 3.62 horsepower, making it one of the most powerful chainsaws in its class.
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