In 2011, police and federal agents arrested 9 members of suburban Gaylord's factions on charges of drug dealing, gun trafficking, and violent intimidation. 691, 534 N.E.2d 1296 (1989). Here, the facts surrounding defendant's statement are not in dispute; thus, de novo review is appropriate. Mell vehemently denied knowingly using gang members as campaign workers and insisted that accepting such help would be tantamount to political suicide in his blue-collar ward. Borrowed at first in French form. An evidence technician testified that on the evening of December 13, 1995, he found snow on the ground and paperwork lying behind the garage at 4150 N. Springfield, consisting of computer printouts, invoices and other papers. Defendant appeals. Arroyo stated that on October 4, 1995, a week after the shooting, he spoke with Detective Wojcik about the shooting. The prosecution's case hinged on the testimony of two Disciples turned state's witnesses, Rene "Monk" Quinones, 25, and John "Fuzzy" Rose, 22. "That was his main purpose, for the peace," Bradley said. Vilma Colom (35th) last year, Mell said. Because defendant's conviction is set aside on account of a trial error, we consider whether the evidence at trial was sufficient to convict. Golden stated that, during this interview, Johnson agreed to testify before the grand jury. The West side sections included Ohio and Noble, Ohio and Leclaire and Monticelllo and Augusta. South Side sections started by the 18th and Western section like 55th and Ashland and Sherman Park wore black and brown. Where the facts are essentially uncontroverted and the credibility of witnesses is not at issue, de novo review is appropriate. The "gunners," gang members willing to fire weapons, were armed with an AK-47 and two handguns from the gang's arsenal, and went out in search of Cobra gang members, according to court testimony. Copyright 2023, Thomson Reuters. In Bradshaw, when the defendant asked, Well, what is going to happen to me now? the officer responded with a warning rather than with information. They returned at about 6:30, saw two trucks, and left again to get beer. Where, as here, the issue is whether the accused himself initiated further communication (Oregon v. Bradshaw, 462 U.S. 1039, 1044, 103 S.Ct. A. Here, eyewitnesses described the perpetrators as three Hispanic males wearing dark clothes and driving a gray Honda with license plate number CPP 816. maniac. He stated, You do not have to talk to me. ", "He's one guy in 1,000," Mell said. Maniac Latin Hoods. He testified that the defendant told him that, on the day of the shooting, he was on the corner of Milwaukee and California. 1974-1978. "[6] In 1970, they were suspected for being involved in the murder of a black Chicago citizen named Joe Henson, but no charges were brought: a later feature article in the Chicago Reader alleged police and political coverup. But the kinds of activities he is alleged by some to be involved in are hardly unique in a town where since long before the Civil War, street gangs and politicians have been as inexorably linked as celery salt and a Chicago-style hot dog. During direct examination, Johnson was shown a picture of a grey Cadillac. Following a jury trial, defendant, Santos Shorty Flores, was convicted of armed robbery and first degree murder. In the instant case, Echeverria's testimony was based on over eight years of interviewing citizens, gang members, and police officers. "I think he just gave us bodies for Election Day.". Q. at 2833, 77 L.Ed.2d at 410. Contact us. Hear a word and type it out. His testimony also provided relevant information regarding gang hierarchy, rules, and violations. Scaduto also stated that Darrell Johnson gave her a statement dated June 7, 1997, regarding the murder of Givens. Now, are there rules regarding respect toward other gang members? Some of their earliest rivals were C-Notes, Lazy Gents, and Playboys. Defendant's next major contention is that, pursuant to People v. Whitney, 188 Ill.2d 91, 241 Ill.Dec. In People v. Olivera, 164 Ill.2d 382, 207 Ill.Dec. On cross-examination, Arroyo testified that he went to the police station with officers on the day of the shooting and viewed approximately two photo books, but he did not identify anyone as the shooter because he did not have a clear view of the shooter. And the guy you knew, where was he at in the other vehicle? K-C stood for Kostner-Cortland where it started 1972- 1983. Rivals Maffot and Campbell Gaylords. We do not blame the maniac who burns a house down and brains a policeman, nor the mad dog who bites a minor poet. He denied ever speaking to Scaduto prior to her submitting it to him for his signature. By the early 1980s, it was said the Gaylords were the third largest gang in Chicago with 6,000 members. 1670s, "affected with mania," from maniac (adj.) At FindLaw.com, we pride ourselves on being the number one source of free legal information and resources on the web. She recognized the defendant and told Officer Souchet that defendant was wanted for a homicide. In Illinois, an individual will be permitted to testify as an expert if the witness' experience and qualifications afford the witness knowledge that is not common to lay persons and where such testimony will aid the trier of fact in reaching its conclusion. Since their beginning in the early 1960's, the MLD's have grown so big, that in 2005, the US Attorney for Illinois, Patrick Fitzgerald, testified before Congress that the Disciples should be considered a "super gang. *** The rule is that you don't cooperate with the police. And even something lower than that would be the shorties, which are kids that are too young to join the gang.. Sections started by Palmer street wore black and gray. Simpkins, however, is distinguishable from the instant case. 770, 720 N.E.2d 225 (1999), his consecutive sentences for first degree murder and aggravated discharge of a firearm should be modified to run concurrently. He knew that the victim, who was known as Floco, was a member of the Latin Lovers gang. Duke: "Disciples Utilizing Knowledge Everyday" Symbol: Crown points downward disrespecting the Kings. However, gang-related evidence will not necessarily be excluded if it is otherwise relevant and admissible. Carson, 238 Ill.App.3d at 464, 179 Ill.Dec. These niggas are straight crazy and used to be deep in Humboldt Park, Logan Square, Bucktown, Waukegan, Elgin, Rockford, Aurora and other states besides IL. It was stipulated that the warrant for his arrest was issued on July 12, 1997. The State relies on People v. Carson, 238 Ill.App.3d 457, 179 Ill.Dec. See more. However, a defendant may preserve an issue for appeal by either raising the issue in a motion in limine or objecting at trial and also raising the issue in a posttrial motion. Q. I, 10; Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 531, 606 N.E.2d 363 (1992), in which the defendant argued that the trial court erred in allowing the testimony of a police officer regarding a gang rivalry at the time of the murder in that case. *** Astol Arroyo states that in September 1995, the Lovers and the Maniac Latin Disciples were rivals and at war, so when he saw the Lover at Cortland and Wabansia acting bold and disrespectful, he thought he might have a gun. . 748, 697 N.E.2d 302. Ortiz led police to defendant, a Hispanic male wearing a dark hoodie, and later testified against him. The Maniac Latin Disciples (MLD) came into existence around 1966, when the gang's founder Albert Hernandez started moving to recruit people from the Latin Scorpions, a local baseball team playing in the Humboldt Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. Rose, he contended, agreed to testify after police dropped a weapons charge against him and because he owed Almodovar $3,000 for cocaine. 909, 653 N.E.2d 1371 (1995), to support his contention that Officer Echeverria's testimony was irrelevant, inflammatory, prejudicial, and denied him a fair trial is misplaced. Accordingly, we remand the cause to the circuit court for retrial. The meaning of MANIAC is madman, lunatic. Based on his numerous conversations with the defendant, he knew that defendant was a member of the Latin Lovers and his street name was Negro. Generally, a police officer's testimony regarding gang activity is proper when the officer's testimony qualifies as expert opinion, the testimony is relevant, and the prejudicial effect of the opinion does not outweigh its probative value. They planned to wait until all five company trucks came in and everybody left because, at that point, the man would exit with the cash. They had their own clubhouses and baseball teams. Shebish indicated that it was a grey Cadillac. The man in the parking lot was yelling for help. . Relative to the motion in limine to redact portions of the defendant's confession, the Mason court also held that the trial court erred in denying that motion because the evidence was irrelevant and prejudicial. From 1727 as "pertaining to mania." The noun, "one who is affected with mania, a madman," is attested by 1763, from the adjective. Local. While incarcerated years earlier . According to one member of the Disciples, who asked not to be named, Rolon commanded a group of "50-plus" Disciples for the DuPrey election alone. A. The man began to yell help help and defendant became very scared and left. Albazi glanced at two males running through an alley. If he can be qualified as [an] expert on gangs, he can testify about what his knowledge about [what a] gang violation is, what the basis for [a] gang violation would be. During their peak period, the Chicago Gaylords held sets (or sections) on the North Side, West side, and the South Side of Chicago. The double jeopardy clause precludes a second, or successive, trial for the purpose of affording the prosecution another opportunity to supply evidence it failed to muster in the first proceeding. They got brothers. His boss, whom he admires, is waiting to meet with him about the big project. Burks v. United States, 437 U.S. 1, 11, 98 S.Ct. Admittedly, it is human nature to answer a person's question, but in Olivera, the supreme court established the standard of conduct by police and determined that when deciding whether a statement by police is reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response, the focus is primarily upon the perceptions of the suspect rather than upon the intent of the police. A. Harper Douglas, Etymology of maniac, Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed $(datetime), https://www.etymonline.com/word/maniac. William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 HarperCollins The police response in Olivera and the police response here are strikingly similar. *** Astol Arroyo states that Dee told him Go-he's got a gun. *** Astol Arroyo states that Bull yelled out that he got hit so he and Dee took Bull to the hospital.. He further testified that Astol Arroyo went by the name of Lurch. The relevant question to ask in reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to support a criminal conviction is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. I regard Lucrezia Borgia as a homicidal maniac, and Torquemada as a religious maniac. Golden interviewed Arroyo on July 8, 1997. Their North Side presence included Belmont Cragin, Manor Bowl, Reinberg School, Chopin Park, Blackhawk Park, St Gens., Humboldt Park (Moffat & Campbell); Logan Square (Palmer & California, Lawndale & Altgeld); Irving Park (Albany & Byron); Kilbourn Park (Roscoe & Kilbourn); Kelvyn Park (Kilbourn & Wrightwood); Dunham Park (Montrose & Narragansett); Ravenswood (Seeley & Ainslie); and Uptown (Sunnyside & Magnolia, Lawrence & Broadway). [3] They are reputed for disputing rival gangs near Kilbourn Park. 293, 565 N.E.2d 975 (1990). Thus, it is presumed that any waiver has come at the authorities' behest (Roberson, 486 U.S. at 681, 108 S.Ct. Maniac Latin Disciples Origin Purpose Colors and Symbols Chicago 1966 1,500-2,000 members founded by albert "Hitler" Hernandez Humbolt Chicago Drug trafficking assault auto theft carjacking drive-by shooting home invasion homicide money laundering weapons trafficking graffiti Chicago's most famous gangster, Al Capone, found that paying off politicians made good business sense. Affirmed in part and modified in part; cause remanded with directions. If the defendant's comment or question does not express a desire for a generalized discussion about the investigation, the officer must not respond in a manner which police should know is reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response. Founded by several members of the Maniac Latin Disciples in the 1970s, the Spanish Cobras share the same geography and culture as the larger Disciples. They roll with the 6 point star the folk nation. 909, 653 N.E.2d 1371. He also testified that he knew the victim, Eric Givens, because they grew up together and he was a good friend of his in 1995. When Nelson saw the victim come out of the building, Nelson said come on-he's coming now. Armed with a .25, Nelson crossed the street toward an empty lot. Defendant went with him. The noun, "one who is affected with mania, a madman," is attested by 1763, from the adjective. He seemed to be sincere about helping his community get political strength. The Satan's Disciples are very close to Maniac Latin Disciples (MLD's), as well as the Black Disciples (BD's), the Gangster Disciples (GD's), and the Spanish Gangster Disciples (SGD's). During direct examination, Officer Echeverria testified that when the gang tactical unit gathers gang intelligence, they conduct surveillance, numerous interviews with self admitted gang members from different gangs. The defendant's objection to Echeverria's testimony while the court was considering his qualification to testify in specified areas as a gang expert, together with the posttrial motion stating that the court erred in allowing Echeverria's testimony as an expert witness, adequately preserved this issue for review. Officer Granias testified that he also went to the scene. Three days later, nearly 1,000 mourners showed up for his funeral, witnesses said. Gloria Ortiz, girlfriend of co-defendant Nelson Coco Rivera, testified that she lived at 1839 North Harding in Chicago with Nelson Rivera, Nelson's brother David Rivera, and David's wife, Miriam. manhood; manhunt; mania; maniac; manic; manicure; manicured; Cite this Entry Nelson admitted to Gloria that he should not have shot the person. He could not recall providing the information contained in the statement. Do some of your intelligence gathering activities involve interviews of people who have already been incarcerated, for example, in the Cook County Jail? MR. GALIVAN: Higherarchy [sic], territory, rivalries. 433, 647 N.E.2d 926 (1995), Olivera surrendered to police in relation to a shooting investigation. The house located at 2319 North California Avenue was the home of Latin Lovers gang members and was frequented by gang members from that area. 188, 662 N.E.2d 1328 (1996). It originated on the intersection of Grand Avenue and Noble Street in Chicago's West Town neighborhood. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! CAN YOU ANSWER THESE COMMON GRAMMAR DEBATES? 756, 549 N.E.2d 268 (1989). A salient difference between Mason and the instant case is that, in Mason, the defendant and the victim were members of the same gang, while the defendant and the victim in the instant case were members of rival gangs that were at war. People v. Hudson, 157 Ill.2d 401, 434-35, 193 Ill.Dec. And you don't want to be called a trick because you will be disciplined. Case: 1:17-cv-05093 Document #: 1 Filed: 07/11/17 Page 6 of 22 PageID #:6. MS. COLLINS [defense attorney]: Judge, I would agree with that. His boss, who he admires, is waiting to meet with him about the big project. The circuit court had previously denied defendant's pretrial motion to suppress his statement. [8] However, they continue to remain active within their strongholds in Chicago and its environs to this day. Police promptly located this Honda in the vicinity of the crime scene and questioned its driver, Gloria Ortiz. Nelson and defendant went to the alley, dropped the papers, threw the gun over a fence, jumped into the Honda and went home. A year earlier, Mell's campaign fund paid Rolon $350 for help on Election Day. Having found error in the circuit court's denial of the defendant's motion to suppress, we consider whether the cause may be remanded for a new trial. The State called Dr. Barry Lifshultz, a staff forensic pathologist of the Cook County medical examiner's Office, to testify. While at Area 5, Arroyo was allowed to call his family and to visit with his infant daughter and girlfriend in an interview room for about 10 minutes with the door open. Scaduto testified that Arroyo gave her a statement dated June 7, 1997, regarding the shooting and that she explained to him that his statement would be memorialized and he would have the opportunity to make any additions, changes or corrections to that statement once it was written. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Alleged hate group members suspected of burglaries", "Street Gangs Chicago Based or Influenced: People Nation and Folk Nation", "The Young Lords and Early Chicago Puerto Rican Gangs", "18-month gang investigation leads to arrest of 9", Chicago Gaylords, Chicago Street Gangs, Chicago Gang Information, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicago_Gaylords&oldid=1152079706, Mostly White Americans. Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012. a raving or violently insane person; lunatic. The State called Officer John Souchet to testify. The expert gang testimony in Carson is significantly more limited than the expert testimony in the instant case. The defense filed a motion for new trial, which was denied. 2093, 2099, 100 L.Ed.2d 704, 714 (1988). A top-ranking member of the Maniac Latin Disciples street gang was convicted Thursday of orchestrating an ambitious plot to slaughter members of their Northwest Side rivals, the Spanish Cobras. Upon exiting, defendant observed several people in the room and asked the detective what was going on. Support the Channel by Shopping Through Amazon Links Below!Amazon Music Free Trial: https://amzn.to/3oG12Cx128 GB Flash Drive: https://amzn.to/3uAsPWiJordan . Astol Arroyo states that the guy said Disciple killers mother fuckers. *** Astol Arroyo states that he recognized the guy as a Latin Lover from California and Milwaukee. As the gang's "communicator," according to police, Rolon summoned members from the Disciples' 30 factions--from as far away as Waukegan and Aurora-- for the ceremony. The elaborate affair and the overwhelming turnout underscored the organizational skills of one man: Raymond Rolon, 36, who is described by police as a top-ranking Disciple. "We have done more to kick gangs in the ass," he said. And had you seen him numerous times prior to that? Const., amends. Is testifying in court against another gang member considered tricking to the gang? "They got wives. People v. Mink, 141 Ill.2d 163, 172-73, 152 Ill.Dec. Q. MLD often includes a . Bradshaw, 462 U.S. at 1042, 103 S.Ct. Also, in the instant case, the testimony of Officer Echeverria and other witnesses establishes that at the time of the shooting, the victim and the defendant's gangs were at war. Additionally, in Mason, the testimony regarding specifically named gang leaders and the gang's attempt to legitimize itself is an example of irrelevant and inflammatory testimony that is not present in the instant case. TermsPrivacyDisclaimerCookiesDo Not Sell My Information, Begin typing to search, use arrow keys to navigate, use enter to select, Stay up-to-date with FindLaw's newsletter for legal professionals. The gang was founded by Rudy Rios, who was a former member of the Latin Scorpions (Maniac Latin Disciples) street gang. He did not hear anyone from the other car yell anything. He heard between seven and nine shots fired. Later, another officer placed Olivera in a line-up after which Olivera asked the officer what happened? Olivera, 164 Ill.2d at 387, 207 Ill.Dec. Yes, they do. Maniac definition, a raving or violently insane person; lunatic. On Election Day, according to witnesses, Rolon and a group of Disciples spied a young member of the Spanish Cobras standing on a ladder and placing a rival's campaign sign on a light pole. She further testified that on the evening of December 13, 1995, Nelson came home looking pale and said that he shot someone. Both subjects. Shortly thereafter, defendant walked in and Gloria asked him what was going on. Q. Detective Ronald Koncz testified for the defense that he interviewed Anna Torres and she gave him a description of the shooter. During Rolon's last five years of city employment, he has taken disability leave four times, including 53 1/2 weeks for an injured wrist, according to state records. They were mostly younger members, or "shorties," wearing Bulls or Duke University jerseys and sporting goatees. IMPERIAL GANGSTERS. The gray car moved slowly down the alley, pulled over, and parked about six or seven houses down. They were allowed to call themselves Disciples because of the BGDN Additional comment actions [removed] AutoModerator Additional comment actions In the instant case, the testimony of Officer Echeverria is similar in some areas to the testimony of the witness in Mason. "We're going to take it to the Cobras," Quinones, 25, quoted Almodovar as saying. In the instant case, the trial court was apprized that the State intended to adduce testimony from Officer Echeverria regarding gang territory, hierarchy, rules, and violations and the court indicated that the officer could testify about these matters if he was qualified as a gang expert. More turf for the Gaylords opened up across the north side, as middle-class Whites left for the suburbs, leaving poor Whites behind to fend for themselves in increasingly Puerto Rican, Mexican, and African American city slums. Stave and Francise. 748, 697 N.E.2d 302 (1998), to support his contention that Echeverria's testimony impinged on the province of the jury to determine witness credibility. The testimony revealed that, at approximately 8:50 a.m., defendant asked to use the restroom. Defendant's statement was published to the jury. However, the motives in the cases are dissimilar because, here, unlike in Mason, the victim and the defendant are not members of the same gang. He was sentenced to 34 years' imprisonment for first degree murder and 4 years' imprisonment for each count of aggravated discharge of a firearm, to be served consecutively. Johnny "Loco" Almodovar, 26, was convicted of murder conspiracy, attempted murder and armed violence for sending three teams of gunmen into the streets of Humboldt Park last Feb. 13 with orders to kill members of the Cobras. Darrell Johnson states that he does not know the Latin Lover who shot Bull by name but he knows his face because he has seen him many times in the neighborhood.. For When 'Lowdown Crook' Isn't Specific Enough. People v. Young, 128 Ill.2d 1, 49, 131 Ill.Dec. It was a party house. 7 25. To save this word, you'll need to log in. Defendant's statement also indicated that, shortly thereafter, Nelson told David to park by the alley. The Illinois Supreme Court held that the defendant's inquiry about the results of the lineup did not evince a desire for generalized discussion concerning the investigation, which constituted a knowing and intelligent waiver of his Miranda rights. These quantities ranged from 1/8 of an ounce (an "eight-ball" in the trade) to nine ounces. Relative to defendant's posttrial motion, the defendant, in that motion stated, in pertinent part: 6. 433, 647 N.E.2d at 929. For the most part folks will respect people and people will respect folks. A defendant may not claim trial error unless he objects to its admission both before the trial court and in a written posttrial motion. Arroyo also testified that he spoke with a Chicago police officer at the hospital. On appeal, defendant first contends his confession should have been suppressed because it was given after he had requested counsel and in response to a statement made by police that was reasonably likely to prompt an incriminating statement. Do you know how to answer the questions that cause some of the greatest grammar debates? Back home, Nelson looked pale and said he shouldn't have shot the man. 7. People v. Enoch, 122 Ill.2d 176, 186, 119 Ill.Dec. Learn a new word every day. The Gaylords grew in the 1960s, opening up territory in the Pilsen neighborhood; at 18th & Western, and more notoriously in Logan Square, at Lawndale, Altgeld, and in Kilbourn Park. She testified Nelson and defendant were members of the Maniac Latin Disciples, and that David Rivera owned a gray Honda with tinted windows. Johnson's grand jury testimony includes the following pertinent parts: Q. Whatever money is made, some of it is given to that corner to that leader and the rest of the money is given to the chief.. He came out with a gun and started shooting. The State asked, [D]o you remember back in September of 1995 being in the car when some shots were fired? Johnson responded, No. The State further inquired, You don't remember at all? Quinones, Burnham said, came up with his story after three days of questioning while being threatened with a charge of solicitation for murder. [5] At the height of the Gaylords reign in 1979, they were listed as the fourth most powerful gang in Chicago with about 1,500 members and were noted as "Chicago's largest White street gangconsidered a violent, bigoted outfit. Q. Olivera, 164 Ill.2d at 390-91, 207 Ill.Dec. Andrew Ruiz, 34, and co-defendant Edwin Carrasquillo, 24, were previously convicted for the first-degree murder of Adrian Gates, 24, according to a statement from the Cook County state's attorney's office. late 14c., "mental derangement characterized by excitement and delusion," from Late Latin mania "insanity, madness," from Greek mania "madness, frenzy; enthusiasm, inspired frenzy; mad passion, fury," related to mainesthai "to rage, go mad," mantis "seer," menos "passion, spirit," all of uncertain origin, perhaps from PIE *mnyo-, suffixed form of root *men- (1) "to think," with derivatives referring to qualities and states of mind or thought. People v. Birdsall, 172 Ill.2d 464, 480, 219 Ill.Dec. After a conversation with Gloria, Officer Granias went to 1839 North Harding in Chicago, arriving at 10 p.m. And put them out there to sell narcotics. At defendant's jury trial, Anna Torres testified for the State that on September 27, 1995, at about 1 p.m., she observed a four-door vehicle traveling on Washtenaw with a grey vehicle following closely behind it. A spokesman for Gutierrez, who won the aldermanic race and later was elected to Congress, said Rolon hung around his office but went to work for Torres before Election Day. Darrell Johnson testified for the State that in 1995, he was a member of the Maniac Latin Disciples street gang. 2, January, 1942. Darrell Johnson testified for the State that in 1995, he was a member of the Maniac Latin Disciples street gang. Over the past decade, Rolon, who has ties to Ald. Aggravated discharge of a firearm is a Class 1 felony. Nowhere has that been more evident than on the South Side, where the city's largest street gang, the Gangster Disciples, and its imprisoned leader, Larry Hoover, made no secret of their political ambitions. Radkins investigated the gray car, walked past where it had stopped and noticed the car was a gray Honda with license plate number CPP 816. Q. The testimony revealed that police spoke with Nelson at 2 a.m. and with defendant at approximately 2:30 a.m. and gave both Miranda warnings. In closing arguments Thursday, Cook County Assistant State's Attorney Mark Shlifka told jurors that "very rarely do we see the genesis, the beginning of what leads to the end result. Officer Echeverria, do the gangs have rules regarding cooperation with the police in the investigation of criminal activity? Some of the rules of the gang as far as taking narcotics, only narcotics they are able to take are cannabis, marijuana. The rival gangs in question, I will allow that., Officer Cesar Echeverria testified that he had been a member of the Chicago police department gang tactical unit for approximately eight years. This evidence, standing alone, was sufficient to sustain the verdict against defendant; defendant's statement to police was helpful but unnecessary.
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