Whereas God at one time had sworn to give the land of Canaan to the patriarchs and their offspring (Gen 15:7, 18-21; 17:8), he would in a future day remove them from it because of their disobedience (v. 63). Only these curses expand much beyond the blessings. Settings (8 The Lord will send a blessing on your barns and on everything you put your hand to. You will be cursed in the field 3. (CL) You will be uprooted(CM) from the land you are entering to possess. (L) 22The Lord will strike you with wasting disease,(M) with fever and inflammation, with scorching heat and drought,(N) with blight(O) and mildew, which will plague(P) you until you perish. WebThe Curses The opening Deuteronomy 28:15, correspond to the blessings in Deuteronomy 28:1, except that there are no antitheses to Deuteronomy 28:1 _b_and Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. The rainbow in the Noaic covenant in Genesis 6, or the tablets of stone in the Mosaic covenant in Exodus 24, can be understood in this way. 21, 60) (:30-33) Emotional Frustration Due to Violated Expectations = Futility Curses, You shall betroth a wife, but another man shall violate her;. 58If you do not carefully observe all the words of this law that are written in this book, that you may fear (AQ)this glorious and awesome name, THE LORD YOUR GOD, 59then the Lord will bring upon you and your descendants (AR)extraordinary plaguesgreat and prolonged plaguesand serious and prolonged sicknesses. You will be cursed in the city (Deut 28:16) 2. Verse Deuteronomy 28:2. This no doubt refers to physical disease that would ravage the land from time to time (cf. Skip Next. . (AM) There you will worship other gods, gods of wood and stone. The land they live in will produce all the food they need ( Deuteronomy 28:4 ). (CU) 68The Lord will send you back in ships to Egypt on a journey I said you should never make again. 12:11; Job 31:10; Jer. (:58-62) Final Warning What Will Happen If You Disobey Gods Law? Between the Covenant Code and Esarhaddons Succession Treaty,Journal of Ancient Judaism3: 123-140. 7:13; Mal. The Book of Deuteronomy. 1965, The Vassal-Treaties of Esarhaddon and the Dating of Deuteronomy,Oudtestamentische Studin14: 122-154. This includes various Gospel Presentations and helpful booklets. WebThe opposite is true also of the curses (Deuteronomy 28:15). The motifs in this section of text are characteristic of the scriptural and inscriptional Northwest Semitic texts found in Old Aramaic and in the Hebrew Bible, utilizing a similar repertoire of language and stock images of vineyards and olive groves, all couched in the syntax of a maximum effort but a minimal gain. Your ox shall be slaughtered before your eyes. (:29b) Material Deprivation and Physical Danger, and you shall not prosper in your ways; but you shall only be oppressed and robbed continually, with none to save you., 3. These they would hoard and eat secretly to preserve themselves in that day of unspeakable horror. NIV Reverse Interlinear Bible: English to Hebrew and English to Greek. WebA retired old guy who loves people and is happy to share my (FREE) advice, mistakes, valuable career and life lessons, wisdom - and plenty of funny stuff, too. (:37) Psychological Opposition Humiliating Disgrace, And you shall become a horror, a proverb, and a taunt among all the people where the LORD will drive you., 3. 17Cursed shall be your basket and your kneading bowl. 38(Z)You shall carry much seed out to the field but gather little in, for (AA)the locust shall [g]consume it. WebDeuteronomy 28 Deuteronomy 28:1-14 Moses then presents the blessings and curses that will relate to the obedience of the people to Gods Commandments The 44 He shall lend to you, but you shall not lend to him; he shall be the head, and you shall be the tail.. WebThe curses listed are Gods actively reversing all the blessings he would bestow on his people. Whereas verse 20 declares that Yahwehs actions against Israel are precipitated by the peoples evil deeds and their abandonment of Yahweh, verse 45 specifies the offenses as refusing to obey Yahweh, not keeping his commands and decrees. Indeed, that the cutting up of an animal in sacrifice also informed the biblical terminology to cut a covenant rather than to establish or set up has been suggested (Day 2003). If increased population is a sign of the blessing of covenant fidelity, population decline is a sign of covenant unfaithfulness. The Lord your God will bless you in the land he is giving you.. 9 The Lord will establish you as his holy people, as he You may unsubscribe from Bible Gateways emails at any time. 20, 45, 47, 62). 45All these curses will come on you. Frankena, Rintje. Supported by: He will put an iron yoke(BK) on your neck(BL) until he has destroyed you. The curses following, reversing the blessings of God which the Israelites had already begun to experience, constitute a final, awesome warning to the Israelites who are now engaged in the last part of the renewal of the covenant in Moab. Once again, in this portion of Deuteronomy 28, the orientation of the text has shifted back to Northwest Semitic ideas and metaphors. (:58-68) DOUBLEBACK ON CURSES THAT REVERSE ISRAELS PREVIOUS BLESSINGS. (:59-61) Severe Plagues and Sicknesses. 25The Lord will cause you to be defeated(T) before your enemies. 49(AI)The Lord will bring a nation against you from afar, from the end of the earth, (AJ)as swift as the eagle flies, a nation whose language you will not understand, 50a nation of fierce countenance, (AK)which does not respect the elderly nor show favor to the young. This verse is a near replica of 28:1, except for the last clause. English Hebrew. And the Lord shall bring thee into Egypt again with ships ,. Crypto 29And you shall (N)grope at noonday, as a blind man gropes in darkness; you shall not prosper in your ways; you shall be only oppressed and plundered continually, and no one shall save you. 15 - WebBusiness, Economics, and Finance. (z) Jacchiades in Dan. Daniel Block: These verses echo Leviticus 26:19, which also portrays the heavens as a sheet of metal preventing moisture above the firmament from watering the earth, and the ground as hardened and resisting cultivation. 5:1-11:32), then the particular rules (Deut. _ALL THESE BLESSINGS SHALL COME ON THEE_] God shall pour out his blessing from As the Israelites and Judaeans increasingly interacted with and were subjugated by the Neo-Assyrians, the ritual world of their treaty formulation opened up to include East Semitic practices and idioms and these idioms, translated into Aramaic or Hebrew and shared orally in ritual performance, found their way into the written text of Deuteronomy 28. WebDeuteronomy 28 Leviticus 26 (More Curses) Hosea 4:6 My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: Leviticus Chapter 26 Verses 14 - 46 speak of the CURSES / PUNISHMENTS that would come upon Israel if they chose to disobey the laws of Yah. Disobedient to the Lord, however, would mean that God would no longer fight for His people. . Deuteronomy 28 and the Aramaic Curse Tradition. Two things about the blessing and cursing sections of this chapter merit comment: (1) Israels God comes first to bless His people. (:38-44) Productivity Opposition Futility Curses, You shall bring out much seed to the field but you shall gather in little, for the locust shall consume it. The traditional formulation of the Deuteronomy // Esarhaddon Treaties hypothesis is concerned with Deuteronomy 28:26-35 in comparison with EST 39-42 (for the text, see Parpola and Watanabe 1987; vocalization and translation is my own). 24The Lord will change the rain of your land to powder and dust; from the heaven it shall come down on you until you are destroyed. WebLeviticus chapter 26 verses 14-46 speaks of the curses/punishments that would come upon Israel if they chose to disobey the laws of Yah. 2016. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 23And (H)your heavens which are over your head shall be bronze, and the earth which is under you shall be iron. Many biblical texts and Old Aramaic inscriptions partake in this literary form, with a total of forty-three discrete examples of the futility curse across all biblical books, especially in Deuteronomy 28 and in pre-exilic prophetic texts: Lev. Conventional images and language are employed with gruesome effect to describe what happens to a people when an enemy comes and besieges a city, causing starvation, cannibalism, and the loss of all dignity. 66Your life shall hang in doubt before you; you shall fear day and night, and have no assurance of life. A people whom you do not know shall eat up the produce of your ground and all your labors, and you shall never be anything but oppressed and crushed continually., And you shall be driven mad by the sight of what you see., The LORD will strike you on the knees and legs with sore boils, from which you cannot be healed, from the sole of your foot to the crown of your head.. All seven terms can be associated with heat. WebDeuteronomy 29:20-28New International Version. 1619) are the negative counterpart to the opening blessings (vv. If you have any questions, please review our Privacy Policy or email us at privacy@biblegateway.com. 41You shall beget sons and daughters, but they shall not be yours; for (AC)they shall go into captivity. [a] 21The Lord will plague you with diseases until he has destroyed you from the land you are entering to possess. 18Cursed shall be the [a]fruit of your body and the produce of your land, the increase of your cattle and the offspring of your flocks. Hebrew Root. 22(F)The Lord will strike you with consumption, with fever, with inflammation, with severe burning fever, with the sword, with (G)scorching,[c] and with mildew; they shall pursue you until you perish. 11:17). 62You (AT)shall be left few in number, whereas you were (AU)as the stars of heaven in multitude, because you would not obey the voice of the Lord your God. WebAnd the LORD thy God will put all these curses upon thine enemies, and on them that hate thee, which persecuted thee. When heard orally, these curses create terror in the mind of the hearer. Mildew seems to involve pathological yellowing of grain, attributable to plant disease, inadequate nutrients in the soil, or drought. Note the if in Deuteronomy 28:1. Here God chastises the men who violated his covenant, recalling when they had passed between the two halves of a sacrificed calf, and threatening that he will make these men like that calf. (:63-68) Hopeless Condition How Bad Will It Get? Continues after advertising. 1:4; Ps. MacArthur: v. 30 These 3 curses were in contrast to the exemptions from military service granted in 20:5-7. Earl Kalland: This glorious and awesome name speaks of his essence, character, and reputation as the God of the promises, the true and living God revealed to the people, particularly at Horeb (Sinai). The Lord your God will bless you in the land he is giving you.. 9 The Lord will establish you as his holy people, as he Cant avoid a pang of depression when it appears that my religion and that of so many others rests on a sacred book which gives an important places to, of all things, futility curses. For the terminology see notes on Deuteronomy 28:1. (BG) 47Because you did not serve(BH) the Lord your God joyfully and gladly(BI) in the time of prosperity, 48therefore in hunger and thirst,(BJ) in nakedness and dire poverty, you will serve the enemies the Lord sends against you. All rights reserved. WebRather, Deuteronomy 28 mediates between the traditions of the East and West, featuring characteristic examples of the Northwest Semitic futility curse type, as well as curses You will come at them from one direction but flee from them in seven,(U) and you will become a thing of horror(V) to all the kingdoms on earth. While this method of divine encouragement to keep the commandments of God might seem surprising from a theological point of view, curses were an integral part of the legal, political and religious life of the ancient Near East, found in a variety of ancient texts including the Hebrew Bible, Neo-Assyrian treaties and Northwest Semitic inscriptions. (CV) There you will offer yourselves for sale to your enemies as male and female slaves, but no one will buy you. (BX) 56The most gentle and sensitive(BY) woman among youso sensitive and gentle that she would not venture to touch the ground with the sole of her footwill begrudge the husband she loves and her own son or daughter(BZ) 57the afterbirth from her womb and the children she bears. 38You will sow much seed in the field but you will harvest little,(AS) because locusts(AT) will devour(AU) it. Christs body is under Grace and not Law, neither does the curses of the Law (Deuteronomy 28) come for His members, Sealed . A Northwest Semitic Curse Formula: The Sefire Treaty and Deuteronomy 28,Zeitschrift fr die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft128: 205-220. That it would sprout thorns. The Book of Deuteronomy. The short opening set of curses (vv. There will be no relief until the Lord has finished you off (lit., destroyed you, v. 21) in the land. 27:1-28:68). gain access to 50+ premium resources to enhance your study of Scripture. The nature of the sickness is unclear since the generic term deber is used (v. 21). Both Deuteronomy and ancient Near Eastern treaty texts feature a similar structure with a historical prologue before a section of legal material and finally blessings and curses. 11:18-20; cf. 37And you shall become (X)an[f] astonishment, a proverb, (Y)and a byword among all nations where the Lord will drive you. The LORD will smite you with madness and with blindness and with bewilderment of heart; 29 and you shall grope at noon, as the blind man gropes in darkness,, 2. (:30b) The Futility of Home Construction, you shall build a house, but you shall not live in it;, c. (:30c) The Futility of Agricultural Labors, you shall plant a vineyard, but you shall not use its fruit., d. (:31) The Futility of Owning Livestock. (BT) 52They will lay siege(BU) to all the cities throughout your land until the high fortified walls in which you trust fall down. Moreover, the reduction of numbers from the uncountable stars to the remnant is a deliberate harking back to the covenant promise made to Abraham that his offspring would be as multitudinous as the stars (Gen 15:5; 22:17; cf. By means of a seemingly endless catalogue of secondary agents of doom, Moses warns that Yahweh will marshal every conceivable agent of destruction against his people. 1. 36:121; Jer. Your sheep will be given to your enemies, and no one will rescue them. The LORD will make the pestilence cling to you until He has consumed you from the land, where you are entering to possess it.. All rights reserved worldwide. 51They will devour the young of your livestock and the crops of your land until you are destroyed. 91-106 inCovenant as Context: Essays in Honour of E.W. 39You shall plant vineyards and tend them, but you shall neither drink of the (AB)wine nor gather the grapes; for the worms shall eat them. Levinson, Bernard M. and Jeffrey Stackert. 51And they shall eat the increase of your livestock and the produce of your land, until you are destroyed; they shall not leave you grain or new wine or oil, or the increase of your cattle or the offspring of your flocks, until they have destroyed you. Why Does God Establish rather than Cut Covenants in the Priestly Source? pp. New King James Version (NKJV). . BEST VALUE in digital Bible study. 1:13 (x2); Hag. What did it mean to be devoted to destruction? He Now go back to Deuteronomy 28, lets pick just three verses to illustrate. b. WebDeuteronomy 28:15-68 Catalog of Covenant Cursings for Israel 1) Ox Your ox shall be slaughtered before your eyes, but you shall not eat of it; 2) Donkey your donkey Matthew 15:1-20 Defilement Is a Heart Issue, Matthew 14:22-36 Walking on Water Growing Insight into the Identity of Jesus, Matthew 14:13-21 Miraculous Feeding of the 5,000 Messianic Provision, Matthew 14:1-12 The Beheading of John the Baptist Speaking Truth to Depraved Power Can Cost You Dearly, Matthew 13:53-58 No Home Court Advantage for Prophets Just Rejection. What the people would see the devastated land, ruined by drought and marauding armies; their possessions gone; their bodies sickened; the many dead; their children taken captive into a wretched condition would drive them insane (v. 34). Kanaanische und aramische Inschriften 1(Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz). III. Finish. 2. Deuteronomy 28:16 (KJV) Cursed shalt 27a, 28a, cf. WebIn the third portion, Moses describes the blessings Israel will face if they keep the covenant, and the curses that will destroy them if they do not (Deut. 44He shall lend to you, but you shall not lend to him; he shall be the head, and you shall be the tail. Michael Grisanti: The pair signs and wonders commonly signifies anything that testifies to Yahwehs presence and power (Dt 4:34; 7:19; 26:8; 29:3 [2]; Jer 32:21). (D), 17Your basket and your kneading trough will be cursed. Settings WebDeuteronomy Images and Notes. At the same time, the Esarhaddon Treaties still provide the conceptual framework for these curses. The law code of the book of Deuteronomy is capped with a series of curses that threaten harm upon any individual that should fail to keep the Deuteronomic laws. (AK), 36The Lord will drive you and the king(AL) you set over you to a nation unknown to you or your ancestors. If the ritual aspect of these treaty texts is emphasized, then the need for a formal written translation of the Esarhaddon Treaties may very well be negated. 33A nation whom you have not known shall eat (U)the fruit of your land and the produce of your labor, and you shall be only oppressed and crushed continually. WebA retired old guy who loves people and is happy to share my (FREE) advice, mistakes, valuable career and life lessons, wisdom - and plenty of funny stuff, too. The curses come close to the end of the ceremony of covenant renewal; they provide the speaker with an excellent opportunity for one final warning to the people of the dangers of disobeying the law of God. Lev. i. And He will bring back on you all the diseases of Egypt of which you were afraid, and they shall cling to you. 127:1; Job 31:8; and Prov. This foreign nation was described as coming from a far distance from Israel, a nation that would arise quickly and one that would completely devastate the Land. Michael Grisanti: Verses 3841 present a painful contrast between a significant expenditure of labor and having nothing to show for it. This was fulfilled first by Assyria (Is 5:26; 7:18-20; 28:11; 37:18; Hos 8:1) and second, by Babylon (Jer 5:15; La 4:19; Eze 17:3; Hab 1:6-8). A. 12:13; Mic. 67 In the morning you shall say, Would that it were evening! And at evening you shall say, Would that it were morning! because of the dread of your heart which you dread, and for the sight of your eyes which you shall see. The image of the woman who becomes hostile even toward her afterbirth is shocking (vv. (AC) You will build a house, but you will not live in it. 2. The logic of this passage seems to recall the simile curses found in the Neo-Assyrian and Aramaic treaty texts: Just as certain items are broken, cut or burnt, so will the treaty partner be broken, cut or burnt, should he not keep the terms of the agreement. Web15 Curses for Disobedience 1. Web7 The Lord will grant that the enemies who rise up against you will be defeated before you. 5:1-11:32), then the particular rules (Deut. (8 The Lord will send a blessing on your barns and on everything you put your hand to. Transliteration. Lest it be thought that the maternal side of womanhood might preclude such abhorrent behavior, the text goes on to reveal, in terms that stagger the imagination, that women so refined and genteel as to avoid touching the ground with unshod feet would not hesitate to consume their own offspring (vv. (:47-48) Root Causes and Summary Consequences, Because you did not serve the LORD your God with joy and a glad heart, for the abundance of all things;, therefore you shall serve your enemies whom the LORD shall send against you, in hunger, in thirst, in nakedness, and in the lack of all things; and He will put an iron yoke on your neck until He has destroyed you.. 16:13; Amos 9:9, NKJV, The American Patriot's Bible: The Word of God and the Shaping of America, NKJV, Chronological Study Bible, Comfort Print: Holy Bible, New King James Version, NKJV, Woman's Study Bible, Red Letter, Full-Color: Receiving God's Truth for Balance, Hope, and Transformation, NKJV, Chronological Study Bible: Holy Bible, New King James Version, NKJV, Cultural Backgrounds Study Bible, Red Letter Edition: Bringing to Life the Ancient World of Scripture, NKJV, Spirit-Filled Life Bible, Third Edition, Red Letter Edition, Comfort Print: Kingdom Equipping Through the Power of the Word. Those normally exempted from military service would be forced to fight and be killed. WebThe curses are terribleexile, worship of pagan idols, being beaten in battle, vicious attack, infertile soil and unproductive efforts, even to the extent of starvation under siege, such New International Version (NIV). Then you shall be left few in number, whereas you were as the stars of heaven for multitude, because you did not obey the LORD your God.. Jennie Ebeling --Department of Archaeology and Art History, University of Evansville, Copyright 2000-2023 The Bible and Interpretation| All Rights Reserved |The University of Arizona | Developed bySBS Tech The first image is tragic: Exhibiting no compassion toward his brothers and remaining children, the father refuses to share with them the flesh of his children. 60He will bring on you all the diseases of Egypt(CE) that you dreaded, and they will cling to you. Cuneiform Literacy and Deuteronomic Composition,Bibliotheca Orientalis62: 204-213. Then the text returns in v. 32 to more faithfully reflect the Akkadian, abandoning the syntax of the futility curse and stressing along with the Esarhaddon Treaties that the root cause of the curse which in both seems to envision deportation will be at the hand of an enemy nation, so in Hebrew another people and in the Akkadian a strange enemy..
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