Finally, even though the Gospel of John states that a Roman soldier speared Jesuss side, it is the only gospel to mention it; the three other gospels that preceded it never bring up the incident. Likewise, an alleged speech by Stalin supposedly indicates that he hoped that Germanys war with Britain and France would leave the three countries exhausted, consequently making them easy pickings for the Soviets. ", Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science, The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fringe_science&oldid=1148162414, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from June 2010, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from June 2022, Articles with AV media file bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 April 2023, at 13:05. In the documentary, presidential candidate George H.W. "An electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton.". There are numerous reasons for these requirements. According to its adherents, Franklins speech was transcribed by Charles Cotesworth Pinckney and included information about why the United States shouldnt allow Jewish immigration. However, there are at least two caveats: not every identified subject matter has its own academic specialization, and the opinion of a scholar whose expertise is in a different field should not be given undue weight. She is saying due to string theory people lost faith in all sciences. It was also initially claimed that he threatened the officers with a knife, gun, or sword, but these reports were later dismissed. Rarely, fringe ideas do become accepted by 'regular' scientists. The sourced contribution must simply aid in the verifiable and neutral presentation of the subject. Articles about fringe theories sourced solely from a single primary source (even when it is peer reviewed) may be excluded from Wikipedia on notability grounds. Agran gained public support during his campaign, but he was banned from debates and conferences. "There are extreme academic views such as those of Jacques Halbronn, suggesting at great length and with great complexity that Nostradamus's Prophecies are antedated forgeries written by later hands with a political axe to grind." If discussed in an article about a mainstream idea, a theory that is not broadly supported by scholarship in its field must not be given undue weight,[1] and reliable sources must be cited that affirm the relationship of the marginal idea to the mainstream idea in a serious and substantial manner. The theory is often referred to as the Franklin Forgery, but has found acceptance in the Arab and Palestinian media. All That's Interesting is a Brooklyn-based digital publisher that seeks out stories that illuminate the past, present, and future. Likewise, exceptional claims in Wikipedia require high-quality reliable sources. - Particularly harsh criticism should be attributed"Philosopher A. C. Grayling dismisses intelligent design as 'a little driblet of childish ignorance; a mark of mankind's infancy'"while simple facts"humans and chimpanzees evolved from a common ancestor"are best left stated simply as facts rather than recast as opinions. It was initially reported that Todashev was killed while alone with the FBI agent. [2]:172 One example of such is plate tectonics, an idea which had its origin in the fringe science of continental drift and was rejected for decades. For example, the lives of the Israeli kingsSaul, David, and Solomonbecame known in Japanese history as those of emperors Chiuai, Sujin, and Suinin. Alchemy is the now-defunct pseudoscientific quest to discover the philosopher's stone, coveted by the particularly greedy and those who couldn't cope with their own mortality. Fringe views are properly excluded from articles on mainstream subjects to the extent that they are rarely if ever included by reliable sources on those subjects. Claims that are uncontroversial and uncontested within reliable sources should be presented as simple statements of facte.g. Pseudoscience usually relies on attacking mainstream scientific theories and methodology while lacking a critical discourse itself (as is common among proponents of creation science), relies on weak evidence such as anecdotal evidence or weak statistical evidence (as for example in parapsychology), or indulges a suspect theoretical premise (such as the claims of water memory made by advocates of homeopathy). A fringe theory is an idea that departs from the mainstream view. Discussion of mainstream ideas should be sourced from reliable mainstream sources. The main purveyor of the theory was Aristotle, who based his studies on the ideas of thinkers like Anaximander, Hippolytus, and Anaxagoras, all of whom stressed the ways in which life could spontaneously come into being from inanimate matter like slime, mud, and earth when exposed to sunlight. On the day of the shooting, two State Police officers and an FBI agent interviewed Todashev for approximately eight hours before he confessed to being involved with Tamerlan Tsarnaev in the 2011 murders. In 1992, a group of scholars conducted a reenactment of the infamous trial, in order to test this theory. Ideas that are of borderline or minimal notability may be mentioned in Wikipedia, but should not be given undue weight. The mere mention of Jesus is usually enough to provoke a whole slew of controversies, directly or indirectly tied to Him. For a fringe view to be discussed in an article about a mainstream idea, independent reliable sources must discuss the relationship of the two as a serious and substantial matter. In 2013, a study was published revealing that no physical health effects have been observed among the Japanese public because of the radiation. Peer review is an important feature of reliable sources that discuss scientific, historical or other academic ideas, but it is not the same as acceptance by the scientific community. It is important that original hypotheses that have gone through peer review do not get presented in Wikipedia as representing scientific consensus or fact. According to McGovern, beer itself was actually the primary reason our ancestors settled down in the first place. His suggested methods include impeccable accuracy, checking cited sources, not overstating orthodox science, thorough understanding of the Wegener continental drift example, examples of orthodox science investigating radical proposals, and prepared examples of errors from fringe scientists. In addition, there is an approximate demarcation between pseudoscience and questionable science, and they merit careful treatment. Bio weaponization is nothing new. He was also familiar with explosives and grenade-launchers. After His death, He escaped the tomb on His own or with the help of His disciples. A careful use of words and the adoption of a disinterested tone will ensure that a reader is not spoonfed opinions as facts and vice versa. The government officially reported that the smog was caused by a rare temperature inversion that caused sulfuric acid, nitrogen dioxide, fluorine, and other poisonous gases to build to dangerous levels. However, information in the book indicates a potentially earlier publication date. So if Muhammad never really existed, who had invented him, and why? After the story made headlines, the girl said that she wasnt surprised by the connection because the people seemed to have a common trait of wanting power. A superseded, or obsolete, scientific theory is a scientific theory that was once commonly accepted but (for whatever reason) is no longer considered the most complete description of reality by mainstream science; or a falsifiable theory which has been shown to be false. After his death, the body of Jesus is stolen from his grave, but eventually recovered by the authorities. Likewise, views of adherents should not be excluded from an article on creation science solely on the basis that their work lacks peer review. However, a lack of consideration or acceptance does not necessarily imply rejection, either; ideas should not be portrayed as rejected or carry negative labels such as pseudoscience unless such claims can be documented in reliable sources. Of course, for any viewpoint described in an article, only reliable sources should be used; Wikipedia's verifiability and biographies of living persons policies are not suspended simply because the topic is a fringe theory. In general, Wikipedia should always give prominence to established lines of research found in reliable sources and present neutral descriptions of other claims with respect to their historical, scientific, and cultural prominence. During the Middle Ages, invading armies would fling plague-ridden corpses over castle walls. So far, this unconventional view has sparked great controversy. Fringe theories and related articles have been the subject of several arbitration cases. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. The threshold for whether a topic should be included in Wikipedia as an article is generally covered by notability guidelines. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Evolution, The Big Bang Theory, and Continental Drift all began on the fringes of science and todaywhile still debated by someare taken as scientific truth. Be careful not to use in-text attribution carelessly to imply that only the named sources would agree. Ideas that have been rejected, are widely considered to be absurd or pseudoscientific, only of historical interest, or primarily the realm of science fiction, should be documented as such, using reliable sources. Examples of the latter include pseudoscience (ideas that purport to . Since fringe theories may be obscure topics that few non-adherents write about, there may only be a small number of sources that directly dispute them. Fittingly, another term for these schools of thought is fringe science one that Gordin prefers, after researching fringe theories since the late 1990s. Fringe theories often surround bizarre news stories, coincidences, geological features, or strange events, because when were presented with unverified speculation, we often like to investigate the topic further in an attempt to find an answer. They point to the fact that no identification was found on the body, and that the recorded height of the man was not consistent with Lazcanos size. If mentioning a fringe theory in another article gives undue weight to the fringe theory, discussion of the fringe theory may be limited, or even omitted altogether. The movie examines a large number of TV outtakes that touch on the 1992 presidential election, the LA riots, and abortion protests. It has been estimated that the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster released approximately one-tenth of the radiation of the Chernobyl accident. If no independent reliable sources connect a particular fringe theory to a mainstream subject, there should not even be a link through a see also section, lest the article serve as a coatrack. In other words, its the attempt to create human-robot hybrids which, as we know from EVERY MOVIE EVER MADE ON THE SUBJECT, never ends well. : Fringe science. Our ancestors moved on to other sources of food, resulting in modern humans reverting to a comparatively primal state. The governing policies regarding fringe theories are the three core content policies, Neutral point of view, No original research, and Verifiability. The documentary concludes that certain US presidential candidates have been selected and promoted to win elections, while others are threatened, accosted, and ignored by the media. Independent sources are also necessary to determine the relationship of a fringe theory to mainstream scholarly discourse. A fringe theory is an idea or a collection of ideas that departs significantly from the prevailing or mainstream view. Alternative theoretical formulations from within the scientific community are not pseudoscience, but part of the scientific process. This branch of fringe science stems from the hypothesis that the human brain is infinitely capable, but certain social and physical factors prohibit us from reaching our full potential. Fringe views of those better known for other achievements or incidents should not be given undue prominence, especially when these views are incidental to their fame. "Although Halbronn possibly knows more about the texts and associated archives than almost anybody else alive (he helped dig out and research many of them), most other specialists in the field reject this view. Some other potential causes for the outbreak of allergies in developed countries include infant feeding (formula), overexposure to allergens, and exposure to pollutants. From that viewpoint, the discovery of beer was an evolutionary success. Eventually, this custom led to even more complex and intertwined relationshipsessentially the forerunner of todays society. In the case of obscure fringe theories, secondary sources that describe the theories should be carefully vetted for reliability. The complicated relationship between the level of acceptance of an idea and its notability is explored below. Academic and peer-reviewed publications are usually the most reliable sources in areas where they are available, but material from reliable non-academic sources may also be used in these areas. In the early 1990s, Springer spent a year searching over back-channel satellite news footage to find controversial clips that werent meant for public view. It has expanded to suggest that human exposure to bacteria is important for immune system development. In 2010, a story surfaced that a seventh-grade student in Watsonville, California had discovered that every US president except Martin Van Buren is descended from King John of England. One study indicated that over 100 manuscripts of the book still exist, with the oldest from the 11th century. Despite the evidence, many people in Mexico have suspected that Heriberto Lazcano is still alive. For example, fringe theories in science depart significantly from mainstream science and have little or no scientific support. [2] : 58 [3] The general public has difficulty distinguishing between science and its imitators, [2] : 173 and in some cases a "yearning to believe or a generalized suspicion of experts . Theory of Planned Behavior. Care should be taken not to mislead the reader by implying that, because the claim is actively disputed by only a few, it is otherwise supported. According to Hardouin, this group hoped to sway the masses back to Paganism by writing pro-paganistic texts and passing them off as genuine historical literature. Fringe ideas that go against mainstream scientific thought are effectively a constant in most areas of science, and there are a number of examples where the ideas have moved from the fringes. In 1919, the British-Israel-World Federation was set up in London and joined by some prominent political figures, including the Prime Minister of New Zealand, William Massey. Wikipedia is not and must not become the validating source for non-significant subjects, and it is not a forum for original research. Well, not all of us, but scientists speculate that early hominids ate magic mushrooms as a regular part of their diet, and by 5000 BCE Sumerians were smoking opium to experience more joy.
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