majority-minority districts essay question, Formal and Informal Powers of the Presidency, Week One: (Civic Ignorance, Naive Realism, ML, Vote Dilution in Single-Member Districts - Le, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry. Treaties contained new languages recognizing statehood and nationhood, clearly defined borders and guarantees of security. Question. What role do local intermediaries play in helping an outsider complete a project. Types of random variables. In 2021, there were 138 majority-minority districts in the United States House of Representatives in 27 states. That kind of comment might not go over so well in a majority-minority league. Example: US has territorial representation. A state that requires a key to get into. In 1964, there were only about 300 black elected officials nationwide. and LMI and majority-minority areas. Draw maps that majority-Black communities can win.. Ap human geography Vocab Flashcards. They brought together people with shared cultural characteristics within a single state. rule by an autonomous pwoer over a subordinate and alien people and place. Because of the 1990 census, what did state legislatures in states either partially or completely covered by section 5 of the VRA, as well as legislatures of states with sufficient minority population to fear Section 2 claim have to do? At its December 31 year-end, these securities had a fair value of$29,000. "Who rules the World Island commands the World". \text{Balance on February 1} & \text{$\$ 6,800$} & \text{ }\\ In some instances, majority-minority districts may result from affirmative racial gerrymandering. I think were in a new age now, said Bakari Sellers, an African American former South Carolina state legislator. Left: The racial or language minority group "is sufficiently numerous and compact to form a majority in a single-member district." The minority group is "politically cohesive," meaning its members tend to vote similarly. The American Civil Liberties Union, in a 2001 report, made this argument:[2][3][4][16], Critics contend that the establishment of majority-minority districts can result in packing, which occurs when a constituency or voting group is placed within a single district, thereby minimizing its influence in other districts. Examples: Sub-Saharan Africa, Iraq, Honduras, ~Places where core and periphery processes are both occurring. It is concerned with why political spaces emerge in the places that they do and with how the character of those spaces affects social, political, economic, and environmental understandings and practices. Explain whether or not you would consider purchasing this policy. There are plenty of stateless nations in the world today. 2536+5146\begin{array}{r} This represented approximately 32% of the nation's 435 U.S. House districts.[1][2][3][4][5][6]. Prepare a bank reconciliation for Oscar's checking account on February 28, 2018. The federal government requires that districts must have nearly equal populations . Unless that happens, we risk another decade of racially and politically discriminatory line-drawing. Bi-polar (Cold War era 1945-1990) Rules about equal population and minority voting rights have federal backing (though states may add additional constraints). Whether Hollier is right is at the heart of a heated debate over how to ensure racial and ethnic minority communities can elect the officeholders of their choice. i. Academy Bank charged service fees of $125 to Oscar's for the month. e. Check 323 was written for$2,800 for advertising in February. Example: Italy (San Marino, Vatican City), South Africa (Lesotho). How can the winner of the popular vote lose the presidency? In the context of determining representative districts, the process by which a majority of the population is from the minority. Ex: European Union. par | Avr 28, 2023 | mirage scythe combos ps4 | dillard's formal dresses | Avr 28, 2023 | mirage scythe combos ps4 | dillard's formal dresses 1. Please check your inbox to confirm. c. Checks 325 and 327 are outstanding. According to Jane Mansbridge, descriptive representation is necessary to improve the likelihood of substantive representation: representatives of different backgrounds are better able to substantially represent minorities.( representatives from different backgrounds are better able to bring minority perspective to policy-making and more likely to share policy-preferences with minority constituents.). Warned that if this pivot area become influential in Europe a great empire would be formed. Definition. government based on the principle that the people are the ultimate soverign and have the final say over what happens within the state. Now, let's draw a map that helps the Red party. The states redraw district lines every 10 years following completion of the United States census. Place. Latinos are 18.7% of the population and just 5.3% of state lawmakers. Photo by Rebecca Cook/ Reuters, By David A. Lieb, Associated Press, Acacia Coronado, Associated Press/Report for America, By Jonathan Lemire, Zeke Miller, Ashraf Khalil, Associated Press. An investment balance of$378,000 is eliminated for consolidation purposes. The acqusiion of gold and silver and the maintenance of a favorable trade balance were central to to policy. Human-kind defines political regions by establishing political . Redlining--the practice of denying borrowers access to credit based on the location of properties in minority or economically disadvantaged neighborhoods . Majority-minority districts - Google News. 3. The district court ruled that six legislative districts violated the Voting Rights Act "by diluting the power of the black vote." ~Serves as a buffer between core and periphery. OR Examples: Brazil, Russia, ~Highly centralized government. It forms its own sovereign nation-state predominately made up of the Irish ethnic group. Example: Palestinians, Kurds, Basque. Hollier, like other Black lawmakers, is furious, saying that move jeopardizes Black elected officials. A more even distribution of Black voters, Democrats argue, might help then win a second. Question 4. But even after accounting for the federal rules, there are countless . What is Section 2 of the VRA? A territory legally attached to another territory with which it is not physically contiguous. 5. Cash receipts of$1,600 from 2/ 26-2/ 28 are outstanding. What did they feel they were responsible for? Imagine the minority-favored candidate can win an election in a district if at least 30 percent of voters are minorities. ~Economic conflicts These disputes arise when the definition of the border is not questioned but the interpretation of the border is. A majority-minority or minority-majority area is a term used to refer to a subdivision in which one or more racial, ethnic, . That critical mass of Black voters, Hollier argues, ensures he has a chance to be elected and give voice to people who have long been ignored by the political system. In Nevada, Latino and other activist groups opposed maps drawn by the Democratic-controlled Legislature because the plan spread Latinos broadly around the states congressional and legislative districts to increase the odds of Democratic victories. The number of Majority-Minority districts increased with the 1991 redistricting. Choose one of the following three options to assist in the process of learning the vocabulary: 1. actually marking the boundary on the ground with a wall, fence, post, etc. Teoretically, a recognized member of the modern state system possesing formal sovereignty and occupied by a people who see themselves as a single, united nation. ~Colonialism, An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought, AP Human Geography :Unit 4 (Political Geograp, AP Human Geography Chapter 6 (Religion) Vocab, AP Human Geography- Chapter 11- Agriculture K, Social Psychology and Human Nature chapters 6, Theatre Vocabulary - with Playbill (THEA 1306). Examples: Regions. Racial Gerrymandering US history is filled with examples of voter disenfranchisement. So what should a new Republican politics for a majority-minority nation look like? Its just the reality. khloe kardashian hidden hills house address. \text{ } & \text{2$/ 18$} & \text{$3,200$}\\ He is also a state senator who represents a majority-Black district . Tony Evers asked a commission to propose maps to counter ones drawn by the GOP-controlled Legislature. World order in which one state is in a position of dominance with allies following rather than joining the political decision-making process. Physical regions are features such as deserts, mountains, and lakes. Government based on the principal that the people are the ultimate sovereign and have the final say over what happens within the state. ~France Is this necessarily a good or a bad sign? AP Human Geography 320 resources . Home Flashcards About Dr. Giani Clarkson is a national award winning educator. Students employ spatial concepts and landscape analysis to examine human social organization and its environmental consequences. But Republicans and others, including the states civil rights director, predict legal troubles ahead. Yugoslavia was a state that always had more than one nation, and eventually the state collapsed and dissolved into several states each having a distinct culture. *Had to make sure that their districts and forms of representation passed Gingles and other cases (Evaluate their own representation schemes, as if they (Peripheral, Semi-peripheral, Core). It is estimated that warranty repairs will average $10 per unit sold, and 30% of the repairs will be made in Year 1 and 70% in Year 2. ~Italy, (1884-1885) During European Imperialism, various European leaders met in Berlin, Germany to discuss plans for dividing Africa peacefully. NCSL's experts are here to answer your questions and give you unbiased, comprehensive information as soon as you need it on issues facing state legislatures. a. Gerrymanderin g Redistrictin g for advantage, or the practice of dividing areas into electoral districts to give one political party an electoral majority in a large number of districts while concentrating the voting . Mackinder noted Eurasia, the largest most populous landmass on earth had a pivot point at its center. \text{ } & \text{2$/ 11$} & \text{$2,300$}\\ Asians comprise 2% of legislators but 7.2% of the population. ~Ethnocultural conflicts Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts, whose administration enacted a law in 1812 defining new state senatorial districts. \text{ } & \text{324} & \text{2$/ 19$} & \text{$2,200$}\\ In many places, the newly drawn majority-minority districts elected those states' first African-American congressional representatives since Reconstruction. The District Court in this case carefully considered the totality of the circumstances and found that in each district racially polarized voting; the legacy of official discrimination in voting matters, education, housing, employment, and health services; and the persistence of campaign appeals to racial prejudice acted in concert with the multimember districting scheme to impair the ability of geographically insular and politically cohesive groups of black voters to participate equally in the political process and to elect candidates of their choice. It is advancing maps that would cut the number of majority-Black districts from two to zero in Congress and from roughly a dozen to as few as three in the Legislature, pending final votes. David Eggert, Associated Press NAFTA-Economic, Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society. The forces that divide the people of a state. Although the total book and fair values of Altgelds net assets amounting to $3.2 million, the price paid for these shares was$340,000. Jamie Roe, a GOP consultant tracking the redistricting process, noted Michigan has had two majority-Black congressional districts since at least the 1960s whether drawn by legislators or courts. What are the electoral effects of majority-minority districts? It is a frontier that is not formally part of a state, but the United Kingdom claims the area. His boss, who he admires, is waiting to meet with him about the big project. Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. Although the world has multiple states, almost everything takes place within the context of the world economy. If we draw the districts like this, Blue holds a majority in all five districts. Explain how each account used in part 1 is reported in the financial statements. For the chamber as a whole? Delimit: Draw the boundary on a map An group composed of 3 or more states that forge an association and form an administrative structure for mutual benefit and in pursuit of shared goals majority-minority districts districts in which the majority of residents are part of an ethnic minority gerrymandering the drawing of electoral district lines to the advantage of a party or group boundary vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below, and the airspace above the surface geometric boundaries This was not true of the past. Invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory. Examples: Egypt|Sudan, Canada|U.S, Physical-political (Natural-political) Boundary, Political boundary defined and delimited by a prominent physical feature in the natural landscape, such as a river or the crest ridges of a mountain range. How do single district benefit minorities? Currently, Asian-Americans make up the majority of constituents in two districts. For each of the following goods, determine whether you would expect an excise tax to result in high or low deadweight loss. He's taught courses in World History, Political Science, Geography, and Public Speaking. Multi-polar (Coalition forces in first Gulf War, 1991) READ MORE: Census data sets up redistricting fight over growing suburbs. Prepare the necessary year-end adjusting entry related to these securities. to buy a universal life policy with a $100,000 face value. For the current year, Patton Consulting Group acquired long-term available-for-sale securities at a $35,000 cost. NATO-Military As a consequence, it has a neighborhood-level spatial structure, presenting a geography which can be examined in maps of cities across the country. A politically organized territory that is administered by sovereign government and is recognized by a significant portion of the international community. \text{Cash receipts:} & \text{ } & \underline{1,600}\\ Justice William J. Brennan, Jr., wrote the majority opinion, which largely upheld the district court's original ruling. (1500's-1700's) BEfore that, some majority-minority district existed, but out of geographical happenstance (not intentionally). The Census Bureau released data to the states for redistricting on August 12. Race is collected through the decennial United States census . Rebecca Szetela is a lawyer who describes herself as an independent, and a white woman who chairs Michigans new Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission. AP.GOPO: CON3.C.1 (EK) Google Classroom. A politically organized area in which nation and state occupy the same space. The process by which districts are moved according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people. the segregation of blacks in South Aftrica from 1948-1994, the term used when referring to the fragmentation or breakup of a region or country into smaller regions or countries, an economic union in Western Europe that compromises three neighboring countries: Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, there are two types: exclusionary, meant for keeping people out, and inclusionary, meant to facilitate trade and movement, conflicts of the location, size, and extent of borders between nations; states arguing over their boundaries and how they function; (WITH THE NEXT FOUR CARDS), focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement, focus on the delimitation and possibly demarcation of the boundary, focus on neighbors who differ over the way their border should function, focus on boundaries (especially on the sea floor) while in search of resources, boundaries often originated from old tribal lands and lands won in war; were meant to establish claims to land and were often small historically; (WITH THE NEXT FOUR CARDS), boundaries that were defined and determined before the present day human landscape was developed, boundaries that evolved as the cultural landscape of an area took shape, boundaries that are forcibly drawn across a unified cultural landscape, boundaries that have ceased to function, but whose imprints are still evident on the cultural landscape, the process that is needed to create a boundary; (WITH THE NEXT THREE CARDS), a legal document or treaty drawn up to specify actual points in the landscape. Information from February's bank statement and company records reveals the following additional information: a. The attempt by an individual or group to affect, influence, or control people, phenomena, and relationships, by delimiting and asserting control over a geographic area. ", "The minority must be able to demonstrate that the white majority votes sufficiently as a bloc to enable it usually to defeat the minoritys preferred candidate. h. In January, one of Oscar's suppliers, Titanic Fabrics, borrowed $6,000 from Oscar. What does Majority-Minority Politics Look Like. 2. They integrated their population into an ever more cohesive whole. He is also a state senator who represents a majority-Black district that stretches across the northeastern edge of his economically battered and resilient hometown. They have opened themselves terribly to a Voting Rights Act challenge, he said. 1. 5. Unilateralism (present). Which of the following describe continuous random variables? Officially, the term gerrymandering describes a process whereby states can redraw their congressional and legislative districts every 10 years, after each new census. The Michigan Capitol building is pictured in Lansing, Michigan, U.S. on December 19, 2016. The commission also is tasked with considering representation of minority communities and following the Voting Rights Act. Jonathan Cervas, one of the experts who redrew the Virginia districts in 2019, said the aim was to rectify what a court had found was discrimination against Black voters. The process through which something is given monetary value; occurs when a good or idea that previously was not regarded as an object to be bought and sold is turned into something that has a particular price and that can be traded in a market economy. Voting districts are found in many but not all representative democracies. \end{matrix} \quad \begin{matrix} . a principle of international relations that holds that final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legitimate rulers of independent states. With redistricting now beginning in many states, the need for Congress to pass reform legislation is more urgent than ever. External Relations: Moira Delaney Hannah Nelson Caroline Presnell the right of a state to defend soverign territory against incurrsion from other states, Peace negotiated in 1648 to end the Thirty Years' War, Europe's most destructive internal struggle over religion. 30 seconds. They also learn . answer choices It is united with the rest of the island to form a sovereign nation-state. Using data provided in the United States Census Bureau's 2021 American Community Survey and based on districts enacted after the 2010 census, the United States was home to 138 congressional majority-minority districts. This shows grade level based on the word's complexity. relating to a population in which more than half represent social, ethnic, or racial minorities, and in which fewer members of the more socially, politically, or financially dominant group are represented: Seriously, Democrats: Youre Done in Dixie. See Full PDF. Illinois' 4th District (2013-2023), for example, was mandated by a Federal court to be redrawn as a majority-minority district. In 1991, a group of white voters in North Carolina challenged the state's new congressional district map, which had two "majority-minority" districts. a branch of geography that deals with human governments, the boundaries and subdivisions of political units (as nations or states), and the situations of cities. a nation-state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state, a political territorial system wherein a central government represents the various entitie within a nation-state where they have common intrests- defense, foregin affirs, and the like- yet allows these various entities to retain their own identities and to have their own laws, policies, and customs in certain spheres, the process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government, system wherein each representative is elected form a district, process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people, In the context of determining representative districts, the process by which the majority and minority populations are spread evenly across each of the districts to be created therein ensuring control by the majority of each of the districts; as opposed to the result of majority-minority districts, in the context of determaning representative districts, the proccess by which a majority of the population is from the minority, redistricting for advantage, or the practice of dividing areas into electoral districts to give one political party an electoral majority in a large number of districts while concentrating the voting strength of the opposition in as few districst as possible. The devolution of a state is caused by what kinds of conflict? Some view majority-minority districts as a way to dilute the voting power of minorities and analogous to racial segregation; others favor majority-minority districts as ways to effectively ensure the election of minorities to legislative bodies, including the House of Representatives. \text{Deposits: } & \text{2$/ 4$} & \text{\$2,700}\\ One of these reasons is ethnic separatism. UN-World Politics DateAmountDeposits:2/4$2,7002/112,3002/183,2002/254,100Cashreceipts:1,600$13,900BalanceonFebruary1$6,800Receipts13,900Disbursements(12,600)BalanceonFebruary28$8,100No.DateAmountChecks3212/2$4,7003222/84003232/122,5003242/192,2003252/272003262/287003272/281,900$12,600\begin{matrix} The treaties contained new language recognizing statehood and nationhood, clearly defined borders, and guarantees of security, in a general sense, associated with the promothion of commercialism and trade. Strickland, the Court's 5-4 conservative majority ruled that states could choose to draw minority "coalition districts" (in which a sub-50 percent minority can win with support from other groups), but that only true majority-minority seats would merit protection under Section 2 of the VRA. Proponents of majority-minority districts argue that these districts are a necessary hindrance to the practice of cracking, which occurs when a constituency is divided between several districts in order to prevent it from achieving a majority in any one district. Key points. \text{ } & \text{No.} It was a win for African-American . In North Carolina, a new GOP-approved map cut the share of Black voters in Democratic Rep. G.K Butterfields district from 45% to 38%. Q. Are racially drawn district morally defensible - are they inherently good, bad, or neither? It would require the creation of, for instance, a 50 percent and a 10 percent black district, rather than two 30 percent black districts. By doing this, there would now be two conservative congress-people representing an area that is actually a majority liberal area. This is the first and only time the company purchased such securities. During the year, Altgeld reported $415,000 of separate operating income (no subsidiary income was included) and declared dividends of$35,000. . Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 mandates that electoral district lines cannot be drawn in such a manner as to "improperly dilute minorities' voting power. In AP Human Geography, unit 4 covers political geography. But the stakes are clear: Black, Latino and Asian Americans are underrepresented in state legislatures. Ethnic nationalism may become a project promoted by governments when it serves the interest of the state; or, it may become a threat to the state for a variety of reasons. 160914066: marginal districts For the purposes of this article, a majority-minority district is defined as any district in which a minority group or collection of minority groups comprise a simple majority of the district's population. This began the process of imperializing Africa. Drawing electoral (voting) districts to benefit one political group over another. "Who rules the Heartland commands the World Island" process by which geopoliticians deconstruct and focus on explaining the underlying spatial assumptions and territorial perspectives of politicians, World order in which one state is in a position of dominance with allies following rather than joining the political decision-making process. A region is an area on the earth identified by two common characteristics: physical and political geography.
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