heavily culturally influenced by the Temne people surrounding them, the Krim and the Gola by Sierra Leone the Mende, and so on. family ancestry information has been very informative.It helps to know your past so that you can appreciate your future. The largest group are the Temne, at 35.5% of Sierra Leone's population. The English word cola (as in Coca-Cola, which originally contained extracts of the kola nut), is said to derive from the Temne word a-kola, meaning kola nut. widely used indigenous practitioners, including midwives, broken-bone largely avoided the racial tension characteristic of other parts of the It is often hard for outsiders to grasp the centrality of , Vol. The number of jobs attracted large numbers of Temne as wage laborers. In 1898, the Temne fought against British rule, in what is known today as the Hut Tax War of 1898. All the territory of an administrative chiefdom is technically held by I am using it for a school project and it is very factual. Many of the Temne believe in witches, who can be either male or female. pride or shared national identification, especially in the rural areas majority of people are patrilineal, and so sons (and sometimes daughters) , 1987. urban employment opportunities, political appointments, and education. These Temne chiefs petitioned Sierra Leone's protectorate governor to repeal it. A chiefdom contained villages, with a sub-chief who would head one or more villages. by the way im mende and i never kno mush about my country and mende but you make me kno now thanks for that.and this article helps me in my projiect about sierra leone sierra leone is da best country to live in i will always love or like sierra leone. indigenous religious practitioners who are able to mediate with the spirit H When the motor road system developed, villages cut paths to the roads, and some Temne villages, in whole or in part, relocated along them. The operations against Bai Bureh, from February to November, involved "some of the most stubborn fighting that has been seen in West Africa," according to a British commander. Temne culture revolves around the paramount chiefs, and the secret societies, especially the men's Poro society and the women's Bondo society.The most important Temne rituals focus on the coronation and funerals of paramount chiefs and the initiation of new secret society members. High in caffeine concentration, they are also used Una Maclean, Christopher Fyfe, eds., Village palisades and mud walls were left to deteriorate. publicly renounced any dealing in Sierra Leonean diamonds. slaves per year were channeled through this port, thus increasing the harmattan including conflict mediation and forest survival; girls similarly learn points for organizing religious activities, especially toward God or Sierra Leoneans sometimes refer to their Temne neighbors affectionately as "Germans" because of their reputation for aggressiveness. separate words for "sweet rice," "pounded Social Science and Medicine Their cash crops include peanuts and tobacco. This Funny, we keep a few of these traditions, even after all this time. The Temne are predominantly found in the Northern Province and the Western Area, including the national capital Freetown. distributed to guests until they are full. meal by a wholehearted, "Come, let's eat." , 1996. actionsincluding genuine political reforms and concessions granted The Temne are thought to have come from Futa Jallon, which is in present-day Guinea.They have strong relationship with the Fullaa and Susu . Margai, Sir Milton. Thank you. While each ethnic group speaks its own White, Frances. specialists. Government. I'm doing a report on Sierra Leone. still play an active part in the child's life. [2] Bai Bureh had long been an ally of the British and made numerous peace overtures, which they ignored. I am a graduate student at Pannasatra University of Cambodia, conducting project for master cause compare social capital in Cambodia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Thailand so that, can you send me full history of Sierra Leone and social capital information, Great information! government, and industry. colonization modified the name to "Sierra Leone." area. recession, and a large informal economy have all posed real problems to I will one day visit my "Mother Country".rk, Thank very much for this article, its makes me learn more about my countrys histoy :-), thanks for such great information, GOOD JOB -Kenyan, thanks i would have faild 8 th grade if not for this, THANKS, THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN OF GREAT HELP IN MY RESEARCH, Reshearch. laws that regulate proper social conduct and relations between genders, Those who are literate recite Quranic prayers, others offer the daily prayers required in Islam. household chores and farm work, and early in life take pride in their , 1996. Many schools outside Freetown (both primary and secondary) have been i dont learn about sierra leone, sierra leone learns about me. Remittances from household members who have migrated also help. It is zinc sheets for roofs and cement to cover floors and walls. across national boundaries. and missionaries, especially from the north, were instrumental in Some farmers, male and female, possessed one or more specialized skills and made some supplementary income from them. Also, Canadian Journal of African Studies Similarly, they established trading relationships with the settlement at Freetown after its founding in 1792. novels, such as Much The headman typically inherited the post, being the descendant of the village founder. African Affairs Establishing the Protectorate changed British dealings with the chiefdoms; they made them units of local government rather than dealing with them as equals. There were Temne speakers along the coast in what is now Sierra Leone when the first Portuguese ships arrived, in the 14th century. dry season from December to May, which includes society elders, and witchcraft specialists. The Temne, also called Atemne, Tmen, Temn, Tmin, Temeni, Thaimne, Themne, Thimni, Timen, Timn, Timmani, or Timni, are a West African ethnic group,[2][3][4] They are predominantly found in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. Those from the Rice Coast, the largest group, included the Wolof, Mandinka, Fula, Baga, Susu, Limba, Temne, Mende, Vai, Kissi, Kpelle, etc.but there were also slaves brought from the Gold Coast, Calabar, Congo, and Angola. off-limits for women, the other area offlimits for men. "real food." negative impacts of colonialism was to pass along a taste for Western [57] According to Taylor, the Temne believe that Kuru Masaba cannot be approached directly but only through the intercession of patrilineal ancestral spirits, and sacrifices are offered to them when requesting for help. Among the graphic arts practiced in Sierra Leone are woodcarving, widespread prevalence coupled with the intense poverty of the country is a The 15th-century Portuguese explorers and traders recorded contacts with Muslim peoples. Mende people are a sub-set of Mande -ethnolinguistic group which belong to the larger Niger-Congo phylum living mainly in Sierra Leone with a small representation in the neighbouring Liberia. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 1992. certain kind of meat or a certain oil, or even against food prepared a health conditions have prevented the country's progress, and have Joko Smart, H. M. "Recent Trends in Law Reform in Sierra Center for Health Information. then "daubed" or plastered with soft earth to cover it), or It is really very helpful. "African Initiatives and Resistance in Sierra Leonean society is in some ways a stratified one. Temne were indicated on subsequent Portuguese maps, and references to them and brief vocabularies appear in the texts. heavily culturally influenced by the Temne people surrounding them, the [5] The Temne constitute the largest ethnic group in Sierra Leone, at 35.5% of the total population, which is slightly bigger than the Mende people at 31.2%. . This page was such a big help without it i wouldnt have been able to do my project. These witches are believed to derive pleasure from causing accidents and spreading sickness among the tribe. Support for the Arts. West Africa, 18801914." distinctive regional variations in language and local traditions, Sierra These may function as and light weapons that have entered Sierra Leone since the breakup of the increasingly, however, pressures from school and urban environments have I have contacted the Embassy of the Republic of Sierra Leone because I wish to learn more of Sierra Leone, the culture, and trace my heritage to possible relatives that may still be living. Richards, Paul, Ibrahim Abdullah, Joseph Amara, Patrick Muana, Teddy Classes and Castes. become a dominant item of trade. Increasingly, "love marriages" are more common, especially The people use a wide variety of techniques. On culture in Sierra leone communication social role personal space. i really liked the fact that your wrote this with some sensitivity to the locals without writing and agenda that is very different to the understanding by locals. There are also There is even a national dance troupe that good resorce.also i think this is realyy good for us children. bedrooms or food storage areas, or both. Type Urban Issues Information History in Africa, Volume 39, 2012, pp. He also described the rituals of chief's succession involving goat blood and rice flour, marriage dances, and a funeral involving the burial of the dead within one's house with gold ornaments. Temne culture revolves around the paramount chiefs, and the secret societies, especially the men's Poro society and the women's Bondo society. dress and style of presentation. I sought info on our ancient homeland, and landed on this page. Thank you so much! Women are the backbone of Sierra Leonean labor. These are 23 (3): 297303, 1986. More well-to-do. He allowed the British to remain in the peninsula which had been ceded to them by his sub-chief, Tom. to grow cash crops for export, or to send work expeditions to plantations Revolutionary United Front (RUF) began what has become a nine-year civil exaggeration, "If I haven't eaten rice today, then I Today most village households continue to keep chickens; some also keep ducks, sheep, goats, dogs, and cats. travels around the world. Thank-You for this very informative article it has been very interesting. Because if you know where you come from, you will know where to go and what to do. slaves from England and the Americas, thus the name of the capital, All of the info on this page was wonderful and helped a ton. official attempts to remedy. The Temne are traditionally farmers, growing rice, cassava, millet and kola nut. portion may also be offered to the ancestors, to honor their memory. , among the women. all of the population has at one time been displaced, either within or children and youth. war-inspired, socially marginalized youth fighting continued exclusion, This is one advantage recognized by much as they unify, others have noted how they provide substantial [2] There was related resistance by the Mende in the southeast of the country. "Freetown." considerable prestige to both bride and groom. way of life. Around the same time, Fouta Djallon had become a popular destination for higher studies and Islamic learning, with sons from several notable families being sent there to study. The Temne people are currently the largest ethnic group in Sierra Leone, at 35% of the total population. Bones, particularly chicken These include diviners, healers, men's and women's This website helped soo much! A heritage tour of Carriacou was lead by Senator the Honourable Brenda Hood in recognition of the Temne tribe reunion between Carriacou, Grenada and Sierra Leone on Wednesday, 28 September 2016. This tax was to become effective on January 1, 1898. Abdullah, Ibrahim, and Patrick Muana. ancestors' honor in the corners of a house. This a very helpful website. [34] The city grew to be a center of European and African abolitionists in the early 1800s, who sought to detect and stop all slave trading and shipping activity. They seem, nevertheless, to be relatively recent arrivals, as they are not identified as a distinct ethno-linguistic group anywhere in Sierra Leone before the 19th century. largely avoided the racial tension characteristic of other parts of the Expatriate firms, Sierra Leonean-Lebanese and Krio traders expanded their activities throughout Temne areas. at home and abroad, such as "S. E. Rogers," thank god i found this site.i would hav stuggled wif my assignment. Bai Bureh had the advantage over the vastly more powerful British for several months of the war. My French class is putting on a World Fair, and I was set to work on Sierra Leone. Journal of African Law from international donors in order to implement projects in economic and influenced by Krio and colonial English styles. In the 18th century they formed a powerful Muslim state centred on Futa Jallon (in what is now the Republic of Guinea) with which the infant Colony of Sierra Leone made repeated attempts to establish trading relations. Muslim contacts probably go back several centuries. Successive visits by English sailors and later British Few of these have their children to at least several years of formal schooling. Violation is usually seen as a risky proposition, and can the paramount chief. This settlement of freed slaves from the Americas, inspired by philanthropic British abolitionists, was regarded ambivalently by Temne traders. [2] Bai Bureh had long been an ally of the British and made numerous peace overtures, which they ignored. Nineteenth-century trade depended upon the use of canoes on the waterways and porters head-loading goods over footpaths. desires of one particular constituency (usually their own ethnic group) in Towns developed to meet the needs of government and increased trade. inside easily accessible. Child Rearing and Education. It has featured a decentralized political system with village chiefs and an endogamous hierarchical social stratification. My mother is a sierraleonean from makeni, and i have always wanted to know more about her heritage n stuffs, this site does it in an interesting way. About 15% of Temne are followers of Christianity. people have adapted. Estimates vary between when Tenme began converting to Islam. thank you for being respectful to the indigenous culture and integrating gender and non-western perspectives. this page helped me alot in my school work and is a great resorce to go on to get info on sierra leone. Hey, does anyone know their personal appearance? In 1785, he also granted a French officer land on Gambia Island, close to what is now Hastings.[30]. central parlor, and two or three interior rooms. Trade. children, activities which help her gain further prestige. Blyden, Nemata. I love this article. After its founding in 1792, Freetown became the site of the settlement of freed slaves from Britain (Black Poor), North America (Black Nova Scotians), the Caribbean (Jamaican Maroons) and large numbers of Liberated Africans rescued from blockaded slave ships by the Royal Naval Squadron. The population of Sierra Leone is 4.7 million people, the majority being The resulting Kuru Masaba means God Almighty to differentiate it from lesser deities. High in value only to foreign countries, This article is so educative , simple and straight foreword to the real issues of Sierra Leone Culture and Tradition. During the colonial era, public paths were cleared and secret paths fell into disuse. ancestors to intervene in the activities of everyday life. Today, 5 to 10% of Temne are followers of Christianity. Luke, David F., and Stephen Riley. can you put the date you last updated it thx, Wow I love this Wow I love this Wow I love this Wow I love this. agricultural cycle: the rainy season from May to November, followed by the International marketers who bought them came to The Temne language, along with the creole Krio, serve as the major trading languages in northern Sierra Leone. Knowledge [45][46], By mid-1898, the British assumptions proved wrong, Temne people had refused to pay the new tax and launched a coordinated war. shops or market areas, a centralized public court space, a church and/or Women particularly dominate the market Jambai, Amara, and C. MacCormack. The British administration favored a policy of "indirect 5 In contrast, an ethnic group refers to a larger culturally distinct group, which is equivalent to a nation or nation-state. Other migrants rice to daily existence in Sierra Leone. Almost no Temne made a living by specializing in an economic activity other than farming. Kallon, Kelfala. Schistosomiasis, bloody diarrhea, tetanus, measles, and The article also highlights the cultural foundations of Temne women's activism in colonial Freetown. (400 kilometers) of coastline, giving it both bountiful marine resources dominated by farming, but include traders, hunters, midwives, marketers, Leone." On their way, the Temne fought and forced the Limba to the northeast and the Bullom southwards to secure the new trade route. manipulations. Almost all ceremonial occasions such as weddings, funerals, initiations, buildings have become a source of national pride, especially the Much love May Allah bless you greatly for this. United Nations Secretariat. children gather around an elder under the full moon once the evening [15] The Mane generals and captains divided Sierra Leone between themselves into four principal "kingdoms", with several subdivisions within each. Traditionally, Temne resided in villages that varied in size and plan. Thus one indicator of a high social status is the :). The most important Temne rituals focus on the coronation and funerals of paramount chiefs, and the initiation of new secret society members. conflict. Bangura, Yusuf. 27 (1): 133141, 1989. Some of his later actions indicate that he was happy with the presence of the colony in his territory. After 1900, as the best farmland became shorter in supply, temporary land-use rights were negotiated with the chief to seal the deal. Today the Temne are mostly Muslim at about 85% of their population; they interweave Islamic beliefs with traditional African practices (syncretism). The term Kuru means God, and is cognate with the word kur which suggests "old age", but Kuru also means "sky" or literally "the abode of God". modern national identity, however, did not begin until the seventeenth and in their trade and interaction with each other. Thank You to whomever helped make it. Great Information. thatch roofs, fermented wine, soap, fruits, and nuts. For men, the main specialized skills were related to iron smelting and working, weaving, woodworking, leatherworking, fishing, hunting and trapping, and drumming. or customs. Christopher Claham, ed., Like most big cities, Sierra Leone's urban areas offer a variety in Sierra Leone." Despite Starting in the west, Sierra Leone has some 250 miles largest natural harbor. Rothoron therefore seems central to Temne history, tradition and culture. I really love this..it helps me in my homeworks..In English subject. According to family history and DNA testing, my people came from Sierra Leone over eight generations ago. Gueye, M., and A. Bohannen. Protestant missionaries accompanied the founding of Freetown in the late eighteenth century, and most of the new settlers were Protestant Christians. [17], Between the 16th and 18th century, several Mand ethnic groups such as the Koranko, the Susu and the Yalunka also arrived. Through most of the 19th century, the Temne used their traditional wooden farming tools (hoes, digging sticks, and knives), although these were progressively being replaced by iron hoes, cutlasses, and knives made by local blacksmiths; they were later imported. wide variety of fruits, seafood, potatoes, cassava, etc.but these Other things are of course eatena British groups discovered new resources; the Sierra Leone Development Company (SLDC/DELCO) exported iron for the first time in 1933, from the mine at Marampa. Commercial Activities. cooking.". The government established the Sierra Leone Produce Marketing Board (SLPMB) for exports, to increase revenues. topped with a variety of sauces made from some combination of potato Death and the Afterlife. child care are duties often shouldered by women. tend to have more prestige. initiation ceremonies. "Causes of Infant and Early Childhood Deaths will also sell poyo the sweet, lightly fermented palm wine tapped from the Though [53] These missionaries wrote that Temne people and their king worshipped idols. "The Politics of Economic UNESCO General History Africa There is truly no need to go to any other website because all of it is right here.!!!!!! revolted and were living freely in the mountains of Jamaica, until the Religious Tradition: Authoritative Knowledge in Pujehun District, Sierra They used their commercial expertise gained during that earlier period when they embarked on the new coastal trade with European traders, beginning in the 15th century. Rituals and Holy Places. certain way. [6] It is related to the Baga language spoken in Guinea. Sierra Leone Temne Culture Jacob Sax Conteh, Sr. 2.23K subscribers Subscribe 67K views 10 years ago Dressed in colorful attired, these Temne women are part of the Digba Society of Patfu. This may have been done unwittingly, since he was illiterate and may not have realized that the British intended to take permanent possession of the territory. Social Problems and Control. I love this website because it tells me more about my beloved country sierra leone. National identity has been influenced by several factors. I wrote it back in 2000 as an encyclopedia entry for a series called "Countries and their Cultures." i was not aware that the western agenda was promoted through arabs. expenditures being allocated to health care. Early traders, holy men, and warriors brought Islam into the Temne area; from the north the Susu introduced the new religion, and the from the northeast it was brought by the Fula and Mandinka. [44] A similar tax had existed in Sierra Leone before 1872, which the British Governor John Pope Hennessy had abolished within the Sierra Leone colony then ceded by the Temne king to the British. Military Activity. [53] According to Vernon Dorjahn, early Christian missions were opposed by Temne elites because it insisted on monogamy, compared to the polygynous households of the Muslim chiefs and landholders. an even bigger presence, bringing aid to Sierra Leonean refugees very educative,i would like to know more about their fashion,clothing styles. Deference may be shown upon meeting with a slight bow, formal welfare programs to its citizens. I may not reveal myself but I do say that this is interesting. How i wish to stay in it forever . "Precolonial Commerce in Northeastern Sierra [54] These Temne chiefs also opposed the Christian missionary efforts to end all slave trading, slave exports and resettle the slaves freed from slave ships, plantations and domestic situations. Leone." The Temne and Mende are the two largest ethnic groups residing in the country. I just found out my great grandad, my mums grand dad was white british settlers in seirra-leone years and years ago. When problems do arise, they often originate at the time of Basic Economy. It has featured a decentralized political system with village chiefs and an endogamous hierarchical social stratification. [62][63][64] Portuguese were already trading gold, ivory, wood, pepper, and slaves by the 17th century, while the British, Dutch and French colonial powers joined this trade later. one's family is not well connected. beaches, or the large natural harbor with home; people from the east often The building of feeder roads extended the areas served by the SLGRR. increasingly, sport-utility vehicles). Sierra Leone's Settler Women Traders: Women on the Afro-European After the Mali Empire, they migrated to Jalunkandu Empire in the 11th and 12th centuries, mainly due to the fall of the Jalunkandu Empire in what latter become Fouta Jallon, in the High Lands of present-day Republic of Guinea. eighteenth centuries, when Bunce Island, off the coast of Freetown, became The capital Freetown [61] The trading of various goods as well as slave raiding, capture, holding and trade between Temne lands and interior West Africa was already in vogue before the first European explorers arrived. I am so glad to know my ancestors come from sierra leone my niece did some research on ancestors.com now i know where i come from i am truly grateful to know that i am of african heritage that my great great great great grandmother was a sierra leone women. mosque, a school, wells, and latrines. [1] They speak Temne, a Mel branch of the NigerCongo languages. Depending on the occasion, a Organization Send message Hi! ritual remembrances, and prayer are made in order enlist ancestors' < Hafianews, dimanche: droits de l'Homme et prisonniers politiques en Guine, Ebola, Macenta : dix nouveaux cas dont six morts Although English is the country's official language, the Mende and the Temne are the principal vernacular languages spoken in the south and north of the country, respectively . seem to have low statuswomen technically live under the authority previously made up the different factions of the warex-Sierra The owner of a four-roomed hut would pay ten shillings a year, those with smaller huts would pay five shillings. dis website is gr8, thanks 4 teh info on my projict. their office, and in return give them electoral support. relatively cool inside during the season of hot and dry months. Basically, Temne have always hadand have todaya household mode of production: most farmwork is done by members of the household on the household's farmland. Trade began, albeit on a small scale, in the fifteenth century with the Portuguese and expanded in the late sixteenth century with the arrival of British traders, and later traders of other nations. by gaining brideprice for its daughters, and by strategically marrying off country. skepticism about the legitimacy of RUF claims. Several British troops were killed. Frontier Temne culture revolves around the paramount chiefs, and the secret societies, especially the men's Poro society and the women's Bondo society. [67] The caste hierarchy and social stratification has been more well established in the northern parts of Temne territories. in the world, and the second highest infant morality rate (195 out of chicken, eggplant, onions, and tomatoes. family, but may include strangers who provide a gift of respect, and This page have help me to do my presentation about Sierra Leone ThankS u so much, Thanx for the page of this article. [35] Over time, 60,000 such Liberated Africans (many of whom were Yoruba, Ibo, Congolese, Ashanti, Bassa, and other West African groups) joined the Maroons and Nova Scotian settlers to claim Freetown as their home. His capital Robaga by the Sierra Leone River, now near Freetown, became holy and an economic center for the Temne. also, this website is awesome! Christian families. Some Temne of the area fled to Banta near the Jong River, and these became known as Mabanta Temne,[18][19] while the Temne who accepted the Fula Mansa were called Yoni Temne. Identification. usually some portion of the ensuing harvest. response to British attempts to impose an annual tax on all houses in the [29], The Temne king, Naimbanna II, opposed slave trading but supported other trade and amicable relations with the European powers. Soviet Union. Western priorities. Foods we keep on hand, eating for nourishment and comfort from grandma's ever on, I found on your listing. kinds of numbers often mask the degree to which religious beliefs in [5], The Temne are traditionally farmers, growing rice, cassava, millet and kola nut. Stanley, and James Vincent. [20] The precise origins of the Mane remain intensely debated. among the men, and Mende Government and Politics Under Colonial Rule: A Historical Study The Temne People. The colonial administration developed infrastructure to facilitate the distribution of a growing volume of trade goods. Thank you to those who took their time to put all this information together and publish it here.
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